When you run a simple SQL query, such as SELECT * FROM table_name, a chain of powerful events is set in motion in the PostgreSQL engine.
The query is sent to the PostgreSQL server, which handles multiple databases and interacts with various objects.
The query goes through stages of transformation, including parsing, analysis, rewriting, planning, and execution, resulting in the retrieval of actual rows and the return of results.
Behind the scenes, various background processes, such as checkpointer, WAL writer, autovacuum, archiver, background writer, and stats collector, support every query.