ISO/IEC 42001 provides a framework for AI governance to ensure responsible, ethical, and compliant AI systems across the lifecycle.AI governance involves activities like stakeholder alignment, data and model management, explainability, and accountability.ISO/IEC 22989:2022 describes the AI lifecycle stages from inception to retirement, emphasizing the importance of governance at each stage.ISO/IEC 42001:2023 outlines risk management requirements, including risk assessment, operational controls, monitoring, and continuous improvement.AI Impact Assessments (AIIAs) are essential for high-risk use cases to evaluate societal, ethical, and legal impacts.Framework options like ISO 31000 and NIST AI RMF offer structured methods for AI risk assessment and management.Threat modeling tools such as STRIDE, DREAD, and OWASP are utilized to identify and mitigate AI system vulnerabilities.AWS tools like SageMaker Model Cards, SageMaker Clarify, and Ground Truth assist in ensuring transparency, fairness, and accountability in AI.AIIAs help in evaluating risks associated with AI systems, ensuring ethical use and appropriate mitigation strategies.Continuous monitoring, threat modeling, and compliance audits are crucial for maintaining effective AI governance and risk management.