<ul data-eligibleForWebStory="false"><li>Language models such as GPT, BERT, and their successors excel at generating fluent prose and correct grammar but lack metalinguistic awareness.</li><li>Metalinguistic awareness, a human cognitive ability, involves reflecting on language as a system independent of its communicative function.</li><li>AI models operate through statistical prediction and lack the ability for structural analysis, reflective abstraction, and intentional reasoning.</li><li>The absence of metalinguistic judgment in AI has practical consequences, making AI outputs opaque and non-instructive in contexts requiring deeper language understanding.</li></ul>

AI’s lack of metalinguistic awareness

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