The CAP theorem states that a distributed database can provide only two out of the following three guarantees simultaneously: Consistency (C), Availability (A), and Partition Tolerance (P).
ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) ensure reliable processing of database transactions, primarily found in traditional relational databases.
BASE properties (Basically Available, Soft State, Eventual Consistency) prioritize availability and scalability over immediate consistency, suitable for distributed and NoSQL databases.
The choice between these models depends on the application's requirements: high availability and scalability (BASE) or strict reliability and accuracy (ACID).