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Caught in the CAPTCHA: How ClickFix is Weaponizing Verification Fatigue to Deliver RATs & Infostealers
- ClickFix attack methodology involves compromising websites and embedding fraudulent CAPTCHA images to deliver malware and malicious code like infostealers and RATs.
- This tactic of using deceptive verification challenges relies on user fatigue with anti-spam verifications, leading victims to inadvertently execute PowerShell code and additional payloads.
- Attackers require victims to solve a CAPTCHA challenge, walk them through running PowerShell code by pasting hidden content, and ultimately infecting themselves.
- Delivery methods of ClickFix attacks include injecting code into legitimate websites, setting up phishing sites, email attachments, social-media lures, and more.
- After clicking the malicious CAPTCHA challenge, victims are instructed to paste commands into the Windows 'Run' dialog, triggering the execution of malware.
- Malicious activities observed in ClickFix campaigns often involve delivering infostealers like Lumma Stealer, NetSupport RAT, and SectopRAT.
- Preventive measures against ClickFix attacks include raising awareness, user training, user restrictions on PowerShell commands, and deploying effective EDR solutions.
- Indicators of Compromise include network communications, fake CAPTCHA domains, PowerShell download domains, and various IP addresses associated with malicious activities.
- Common commands and file names related to ClickFix attacks include PowerShell executions, DLL implants, droppers, RAT components, and scheduled tasks.
- Mitigation strategies for ClickFix attacks involve understanding the tactics employed, monitoring for associated indicators of compromise, and implementing relevant security controls.
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