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Database Normalization
- Database normalization helps to organize data in a structured way by eliminating redundancy and ensuring data integrity within relational databases.
- A relational database is a type of database that stores data in tables, which are structured into rows and columns consisting of table, rows, and columns.
- Primary key and Foreign key are the two types of keys used in relational databases to link data from different tables.
- Redundant data means storing the same data in multiple places, which wastes disk space and creates maintenance problems. Inconsistent dependency happens when data in a database relies on other data in a way that is unpredictable or incorrect.
- Normalization has different forms, and each aims to eliminate specific types of redundancy or inconsistency to create a well-organized database. First Normal Form (1NF) eliminates repeating groups in individual tables by creating a separate table for each set of related data. Second Normal Form (2NF) removes partial dependency. Third Normal Form (3NF) removes transitive dependencies.
- Elementary key Normal Form (EKNF) further refines 3NF to ensure all functional dependencies are straightforward and clear, without any complex dependencies. Boyce–Codd Normal Form (BCNF) eliminates functional dependencies except if A is a candidate key. Fourth Normal Form (4NF) deals with multivalued dependencies and Fifth Normal Form (5NF) is the highest level of normalization.
- Denormalization is the process of adding redundant data to a database to improve performance by reducing processing across multiple tables.
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