<ul><li>Virtualization abstracts physical hardware to run multiple isolated environments on a single host.</li><li>Containerization shares the host OS kernel to isolate applications at the process level, resulting in lighter and faster deployments.</li><li>Unikernels are single-purpose, single-address-space images with only the required parts of the OS, making them ultra-secure and extremely lightweight.</li><li>In the unikernel model, both the application and essential OS components are compiled into a single binary, eliminating layers of abstraction and overhead.</li></ul>

From VMs to Unikernels: The Evolution of Application Deployment

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