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Interview Questions on AWS Networking: VPC, Load Balancers, and Auto Scaling
- AWS VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) is a logically isolated network within the AWS cloud where you can launch your AWS resources securely.
- A stateful firewall keeps track of the state of active connections, automatically allowing return traffic.
- Traffic in a VPC flows through the following components: Route Tables, Internet Gateway (IGW), Network ACLs and Security Groups.
- For a 2-tier architecture, distribute subnets across multiple Availability Zones for redundancy.
- To restrict outbound internet access for a specific subnet, remove the route pointing to 0.0.0.0/0 (default route) in the subnet's route table.
- Use a NAT Gateway to allow instances in a private subnet to access the internet.
- A Load Balancer distributes incoming traffic across multiple targets, such as EC2 instances, containers or IP addresses, ensuring better fault tolerance and high availability.
- ASGs automatically adjust the number of EC2 instances based on demand using scaling policies and health checks. This helps save costs.
- To create a scalable architecture, create a VPC with public and private subnets, place a Load Balancer in the public subnet, deploy application servers in the private subnets using an Auto Scaling Group.
- While Security Groups control access at the instance level, NACLs provide an additional layer of subnet-level security.
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