Researchers have conducted a literature review to examine the extent to which usable privacy and security (UPS) research samples were skewed towards WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) countries.
The UPS field exhibits a greater skew towards WEIRD countries compared to the human-computer interaction (HCI) field.
The skew may be attributed to geographic and linguistic barriers in study and recruitment methods, as well as the lack of reporting participant demographics.
To improve geographic diversity, suggestions include encouraging replication studies, addressing methodological barriers, and focusing on non-WEIRD populations in UPS research.