Jupiter was once more than double its current size with a magnetic field 50 times as strong, according to recent calculations based on its tiniest moons.
Research on two of Jupiter's smallest moons, Almathea and Thebe, helped estimate Jupiter's primordial stage 3.8 million years after the solar system's formation.
By analyzing Jupiter's moons and conservation of angular momentum, researchers determined that early Jupiter was 2 to 2.5 times larger than it is today.
The study not only enhances understanding of Jupiter but can also be applied to the evolution of other giant planets and the early phases of planet formation.