The paper introduces ManGO, a diffusion-based framework for offline optimization of complex systems.
ManGO learns the design-score manifold to capture design-score interdependencies holistically, aiming for generalization beyond training data.
Unlike existing methods, ManGO unifies forward prediction and backward generation for better performance in various domains.
Extensive evaluations show that ManGO outperforms numerous optimization methods in synthetic tasks, robot control, material design, DNA sequence, and engineering optimization.