<ul data-eligibleForWebStory="true">A/B testing with Python is a critical aspect of modern machine learning systems ensuring robustness and scalability.It involves controlled testing of multiple model versions in production environments with traffic allocation based on predefined rules.Various use cases include fraud detection, recommendation engines, medical diagnosis, autonomous driving, and search ranking.The architecture involves features like data sources, a feature store, traffic splitter, model versions, prediction service, and monitoring.Implementation strategies include Python orchestration for traffic routing and Kubernetes deployment for traffic splitting.Failure modes encompass stale models, feature skew, latency spikes, data corruption, and traffic routing errors.Performance tuning techniques focus on metrics like latency, throughput, accuracy, and cost optimization.Monitoring and observability tools like Prometheus, Grafana, and Datadog are essential for tracking critical metrics.Security, policy, and compliance aspects emphasize adherence to regulations, audit logging, secure data access, and governance tools.CI/CD integration automates A/B testing processes, enforces quality checks, and supports automated rollback strategies.Common engineering pitfalls include ignoring feature skew, lack of monitoring, complex traffic routing, and insufficient automated rollback mechanisms.