Momentum optimization is a variant of gradient descent that helps overcome issues with slow convergence and local minima.
Adagrad adapts the learning rate for each parameter based on its frequency of updates, making it useful for dealing with sparse data.
NAG is an extension of momentum optimization that calculates the gradient ahead of time, improving convergence in certain scenarios.
RMSprop adjusts the learning rate for each parameter based on the recent average of squared gradients, making it effective for handling non-stationary problems.
Adam combines the ideas of momentum and RMSprop, maintaining an exponentially decaying average of past gradients and squared gradients, making it widely used for deep learning.