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Bioengineer
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Metabolic Messengers: The Role of Oestradiol
- Estradiol, a steroid hormone, is a crucial regulator of metabolic health in both women and men beyond its known reproductive functions.
- It influences energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, lipid balance, and overall metabolic health through estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ.
- ERα activation in hepatic cells by estradiol affects glucose production and lipid synthesis, maintaining glucose homeostasis and preventing fat accumulation.
- In adipose tissue, estradiol enhances insulin sensitivity, modulates adipokine secretion, and influences systemic inflammation and energy balance.
- Estradiol signaling in skeletal muscle boosts mitochondrial function, improves insulin sensitivity, and enhances energy utilization.
- In pancreatic beta cells, estradiol receptor engagement supports cell survival, insulin secretion, and mitigates metabolic stress effects.
- Estradiol influences metabolic regulation in the central nervous system, modulating appetite, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism through ERα and ERβ.
- Postmenopausal decline in estradiol levels is linked to increased metabolic disease risk, prompting investigations into estradiol's impact on metabolic homeostasis.
- Estradiol replacement in ovariectomized rodents reverses metabolic impairments, preserving insulin sensitivity and mitigating adipose inflammation.
- Research suggests ERα polymorphisms impact metabolic profiles, with tissue-specific transcriptomics shedding light on downstream effects.
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