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MFA Fatigue Attacks and Session Hijacking: How Threat Actors Bypass Modern Defenses
- Threat actors have evolved to bypass multi-factor authentication (MFA) through fatigue attacks and session hijacking.
- MFA fatigue attacks overwhelm users with push notifications to trick them into approving malicious requests.
- Session hijacking occurs when attackers steal tokens post-MFA authentication, allowing them to impersonate users and move laterally.
- SAML and SSO trust relationships can be exploited by attackers to forge tokens, replay across services, and bypass validations.
- DevOps pipelines are often soft targets for attackers due to weak security practices around CI/CD tokens, cloud credentials, and API keys.
- Defense strategies include enforcing conditional access, replacing push-based MFA with FIDO2 or passkeys, shortening token lifespans, and monitoring session use.
- Practical examples include using Azure AD Conditional Access to block legacy authentication attempts and enforce risk-based MFA.
- To enhance security, organizations should focus on locking down DevOps and CI/CD access, rotating service principal secrets regularly, and educating users on security risks.
- MFA alone is not sufficient against modern threats; implementing additional security measures and best practices is crucial to protect against evolving attack techniques.
- Recommendations include replacing push MFA with FIDO2, monitoring for suspicious token reuse, securing CI/CD and SSO trust relationships, rotating secrets, and providing user education.
- Resources cited include techniques to protect against MFA fatigue attacks, insights on the Golden SAML attack, tools like Evilginx2 and Yubico FIDO2 keys, and scanners like TruffleHog for secrets.
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