Choosing the right algorithm for supervised learning tasks depends on the scale and dimensionality of the data, with neural networks, tree-based methods, and SVM being popular choices.
For image data, convolutional neural networks are often preferred, while boosted trees tend to perform well with tabular data having many features.
In unsupervised learning, clustering, dimensionality reduction, and association rule mining are commonly used, with the choice depending on the goal.
Testing multiple algorithms and iteratively improving the approach is key to finding the optimal solution, being flexible, and creative in applying algorithms.