<ul data-eligibleForWebStory="true">New scientific insights reveal how synaptic connections in the cerebral cortex dynamically change during sleep.Conditions for effective 'sleep learning' include specific neural activity thresholds and synaptic potentiation.The study bridges the roles of synaptic downscaling and strengthening during sleep cycles.Abnormalities in sleep-related synaptic plasticity could contribute to cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's.The research combines computational neuroscience with empirical neurobiology, pushing the frontier of systems neuroscience.