<ul><li>Recent battery papers commonly employ interpretation models for which diffusion impedances are in series with interfacial impedance.</li><li>A general approach is presented that shows how the charge-transfer resistance and diffusion resistance are functions of the concentration of reacting species at the electrode surface.</li><li>The resulting impedance model incorporates diffusion impedances as part of the interfacial impedance.</li><li>Mark Orazem, a Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering, discussed these issues during an interactive Q&A session after his presentation.</li></ul>

On the proper use of a Warburg impedance

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