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Physicsworld

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PLANCKS physics quiz – how do you measure up against the brightest physics students in the UK and Ireland?

The International Association of Physics Students organizes the PLANCKS physics competition.
Teams from the UK and Ireland compete in preliminary competitions to reach the final.
The competition includes challenging physics questions, such as determining the color of the Sun in a four-dimensional universe and calculating the gravitational constant in a parallel universe.
The competition also involves solving problems related to a pendulum clock and the quantum effects on a balanced stick.

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Knowridge

17h

202

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Lighting the way: Scientists magnetize a material with terahertz laser

Physicists from MIT have used a terahertz laser to magnetize a material.
The laser is able to disrupt the balanced spins of the material's atoms and create a preferred spin orientation, effectively magnetizing the material.
This breakthrough could lead to advancements in memory storage, as antiferromagnetic materials could be used for more compact and stable memory chips.
The magnetic state created by the terahertz laser lasted longer than expected, providing scientists with more time to study and fine-tune these changes.

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Physicsworld

323

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Imaging and medical-physics firms bag Institute of Physics business awards 2024

Geoptic, a spin-out from three collaborating groups of physicists at Durham, Sheffield, and St Mary's Twickenham, has received the IOP Business Innovation Award for using cosmic-ray muon radiography and tomography to ensure the safety of tunnels on the UK's railway network
Silveray, spun off from the University of Surrey, won an IOP Business Start-up Award for creating flexible, 'colour' X-ray detectors based on proprietary semiconductor materials, which can provide more efficient real-time digital X-ray images than traditional methods
Phlux Technology, set up by researchers at the University of Sheffield, has won an IOP Business Start-up Award for developing patented semiconductor technology for infrared light sensors that are 12 times more sensitive, making them ideal for accurate 3D imaging and other potential applications including LIDAR and optical communications networks
Crainio, a medical technology spin-off company from City, University of London, has won the 2024 Lee Lucas award for developing non-invasive technology to measure intracranial pressure and improve brain health care after head injuries
IOP Business awards recognize physics-based firms that successfully develop and innovate products to become globally significant
IOP offers three other awards (Katharine Burr Blodget, Denis Gabor and Clifford Paterson) for individuals or teams who have been involved in innovative physics with a commercial angle
Award entries for 2025 will be open in February 2025

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Physicsworld

250

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Optimization algorithm improves safety of transcranial focused ultrasound treatments

Researchers at Zeta Surgical have developed an algorithm to optimize transcranial focused ultrasound treatments.
The algorithm simulates the ultrasound field through the skull to minimize defocusing and focus shift.
Using patient CT scans, the algorithm determines the optimal location for the transducer.
The algorithm improves placement accuracy and makes transcranial focused ultrasound treatment safer.

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Fyfluiddynamics

Image Credit: Fyfluiddynamics

Active Cheerios Self-Propel

Researchers have created self-propelling particle assemblies by combining the Cheerios effect and surface tension gradient.
The particles are 3D-printed and filled with ethanol, which disrupts the water's interface and triggers a flow.
The particles repel each other as the ethanol slowly leaks out, but attract again as it evaporates.
The design can be customized to control the particles' attractions and motility, making it useful for robotics and educational projects.

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Medium

19h

Image Credit: Medium

Fibonacci-Driven Uncertainty in DSM

The Fibonacci sequence exhibits unique properties, such as self-similarity and the golden ratio, that align with both discrete and continuous systems.
Incorporating Fibonacci scaling into the DSM could result in discrete spacings in phase space and emergent scales of uncertainty.
The geometric interpretation of uncertainty in the DSM involves oscillatory coupling, golden ratio partitioning, and spiral geometry.
Time evolution in quantum systems could be influenced by Fibonacci intervals, leading to a fractal-like structure and Fibonacci distributions of quantum fluctuations.
Energy levels of quantum systems could follow Fibonacci relationships, and this mathematical framework can be integrated into key quantum principles.
There are physical implications such as experimental signatures, connection to the cosmos, and the prediction of new quantum states.
Philosophically, this approach suggests order in chaos and points to universal constants shaping both the quantum and macroscopic worlds.
Fibonacci-driven uncertainty reimagines quantum mechanics through the lens of the DSM, deepening the understanding of quantum theory and opening new experimental avenues.

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Physicsworld

143

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Supramolecular biomass foam removes microplastics from water

A reusable and biodegradable fibrous foam developed by researchers at Wuhan University in China can remove up to 99.8% of microplastics from polluted water.
The foam is made from a self-assembled network of chitin and cellulose obtained from biomass wastes.
The foam has been successfully field-tested in four natural aquatic environments and can adsorb various types of microplastics, even in polluted water with toxic metals and chemicals.
Researchers believe that the foam, made from readily available raw materials, has great potential for large-scale production and can help address the growing microplastic problem.

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Quantumfrontiers

308

Image Credit: Quantumfrontiers

Finding Ed Jaynes’s ghost

Physicist Edwin Thompson Jaynes impacted disciplines from quantum information theory to biomedical imaging.
A symposium called the Jaynes Centennial Symposium was held to honor Jaynes's legacy and how it has influenced various fields.
Researchers discussed topics such as quantum technologies, quantum thermodynamics, information theory, and biophysics.
The symposium brought together scientists from different disciplines who appreciated Jaynes's contributions.

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Brighter Side of News

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New type of magnetism promises 1000x faster electronics

Researchers have introduced altermagnetism as a solution to the limitations of ferromagnetism.
Scientists have successfully imaged altermagnetic states at nanoscale resolution.
Altermagnets merge the properties of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism.
Altermagnetic materials offer eco-friendly alternatives for faster and more efficient devices.

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Medium

211

Image Credit: Medium

What is a Meter?

The French Enlightenment of 1789 culminated in a government overthrow based upon logic, tradition, and religious belief.
Before the metric system, the foot (pied) served as a unit of measurement in France and England. The length of these measurements were not precisely defined
The French conceived the metric system in 1791 as a unit of measure based on both physical standards and decimal inclusion to facilitate arithmetic.
The ratio that the French chose was a unit of 1, in a system based purely on calculation.
The French chosen unit was the distance from the equator to the North Pole at the Paris Meridian.
They determine this distance to be 10,000,000 meters, making the length of the meter 1/10,000,000th of this distance.
In 1983, the definition of a meter was changed to be a fraction of the speed of light. That distance is defined and measured as the distance that light travels in 1/299,792,458 seconds.
The choice of a physical standard for distance in the metric system was deliberate and meant to be practical.
Newton described light traveling at a fixed speed and Maxwell's equations relied on the constant speed of light. Einstein's Theory of Relativity also required a fixed speed for his equations to be true.
The metric system evolution has improved precision, reduced calculation time, and simplified arithmetic.

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Universe Today

108

Image Credit: Universe Today

Can Entangled Particles Communicate Faster than Light?

Entanglement allows particles to communicate over vast distances instantly, apparently violating the speed of light.
Entangled particles share a quantum state, so measuring one particle gives knowledge of the other.
However, the revelation of entanglement does not happen instantaneously, and communication still occurs at the speed of light or slower.
The process of entanglement is instantaneous, but the information transfer requires traditional communication methods.

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COSMOS

Image Credit: COSMOS

Quantum teleportation performed over internet cables

Researchers have used a fibre-optic internet cable to perform quantum teleportation – while it simultaneously sent internet traffic.
The feat means that existing internet infrastructure could be used for quantum communication.
The team found a specific wavelength of light and special filters to reduce noise and perform quantum communication without interference.
They are now seeking to make the process work over longer and standard underground internet cables.

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Physicsworld

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Ask me anything: Nadya Mason ‘I find myself looking at everything as systems of equations’

Nadya Mason, a dean and physicist, discusses the skills she uses daily in her job, emphasizing problem-solving and the ability to look at things as systems of equations.
She enjoys the wide impact of her job, particularly in making a difference in the lives of students and the wider community through outreach.
However, the challenge of managing limited resources and finding the right allocation of tasks can be frustrating.
Reflecting on her career, Mason wishes she had known earlier the importance of building relationships and working with people to solve problems.

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Knowridge

Image Credit: Knowridge

Thin-film tech unlocks the future of ultra-precise nuclear clocks

Scientists have developed a safer and more affordable method to build nuclear clocks, which could surpass the accuracy of current atomic clocks.
The researchers created thin films of thorium tetrafluoride using a technique called physical vapor deposition.
This approach drastically reduces radiation levels and costs, making nuclear clocks more feasible.
The thin-film approach improves clock stability and performance, opening up possibilities for applications in various sectors.

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Hobbieroth

161

Image Credit: Hobbieroth

The Luria-Delbrück Experiment

The Luria-Delbrück experiment, explores whether mutations occur randomly or whether they are the result of selective pressure.
To make things simple, the experiment is done by starting off with just one individual who is not a mutant.
For the first two generations of this 'parent', there is no selective pressure, with pressure only being present in the third generation.
The most common case is having no mutations, as shown in the case where mutations are Lamarckian.
In the case of random mutations, you can still get similar results as the case where mutations are Lamarckian.
If no mutations have occurred, the variance is the same as the mean, and we have a Lamarckian Poisson process.
On the other hand, there is much more variation in the number of mutants because of mutations happening early in the family tree in random mutations.
This non-uniform variance indicates that mutations happen all the time, regardless of whether selective pressure is present or not.
Luria & Delbrück, experiment using E. coli bacteria reveals that there was a lot more variation than expected from a Poisson process.
In conclusion, Darwinian evolution results in a larger variance in the number of mutants than Lamarckian evolution.

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