<ul><li>Magnetic resonance methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), are non-invasive, atom-specific, quantitative, and capable of probing liquid and solid-state samples.</li><li>Operando NMR and EPR methods have been developed and applied to study organic molecule-based redox flow batteries and Li-mediated ammonia synthesis.</li><li>The methods have been used to understand degradation reaction mechanisms, monitor the state of charge, and optimize the efficiencies and rates of electrochemical processes.</li><li>Evan Wenbo Zhao, a professor at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, has led research projects in operando NMR for electrochemical storage and conversion chemistries.</li></ul>

Operando NMR methods for redox flow batteries and ammonia synthesis

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