Penguin feces in Antarctica is ammonia-rich, which when combined with sulfur compounds from marine phytoplankton, helps create aerosols that act as seeds for cloud formation.
A new study shows that penguins are a significant source of ammonia, producing 100 to 1000 times the region's baseline levels, impacting aerosol production in the area.
When penguin guano ingredients are combined, the birds can boost aerosol production by 10,000-fold, influencing cloud formation in Antarctica.
Cloud formation requires aerosol particles as seeds for water vapor condensation, and penguin feces play a role in this process in a region where aerosol sources are limited.