<ul><li>Heterogeneous materials play a crucial role in various applications.</li><li>Current simulation-based approaches for evaluating material properties can be computationally expensive and lack gradients with respect to microstructure and constitutive parameters.</li><li>To address this, a novel spectral normalization scheme is proposed, which enforces physical bounds on constitutive response.</li><li>The approach is agnostic to microstructural features and surrogate models, resulting in improved accuracy and robustness.</li></ul>

Spectral Normalization and Voigt-Reuss net: A universal approach to microstructure-property forecasting with physical guarantees

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