Data normalization is a crucial pre-processing technique in machine learning to bring numerical data to a common scale for enhanced algorithm performance.
Techniques like Min-Max Normalization, Z-score normalization, Robust Scaling, Max Absolute Scaling, and Logarithmic normalization are commonly used for data normalization.
Min-Max Normalization scales data to a specific range (often 0 to 1) using a simple formula that involves the minimum and maximum values in the dataset.
Z-score normalization normalizes data to have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation.
Robust scaling, similar to Z-score scaling, utilizes the median and interquartile range (IQR) instead of the mean and standard deviation, making it less sensitive to outliers.
Max Absolute Scaling, implemented by MaxAbsScaler, scales data by dividing each value by the maximum absolute value, resulting in values between -1 and 1.
Logarithmic normalization involves taking the logarithm of a feature, either natural logarithm or base 10 logarithm, to transform the data.
Implementation examples using Python and libraries like NumPy and Scikit-learn demonstrate the practical application of these normalization techniques.