<ul data-eligibleForWebStory="true">Machine learning initially focused on teaching computers to learn from data using manual rules and statistical techniques.Neural networks, inspired by the human brain, revolutionized AI by enabling complex tasks like image recognition through deep learning.Modern deep learning systems use neural networks to identify patterns in large datasets with minimal human input.Neural networks consist of layers of neurons that recognize data patterns and relationships through interconnected computations.The perceptron, a fundamental unit in neural networks, processes inputs through weight multiplication and activation functions.Deep learning overcame complexity by using networks with multiple hidden layers to learn intricate data patterns.Architectures like CNNs and RNNs handle spatial or temporal data through specialized components and non-linear activation functions.Deep learning training adjusts weights via backpropagation and optimization algorithms like gradient descent.Deep learning applications have reshaped industries, with companies using it for search engines, recommendations, and self-driving technology.Despite its successes, deep learning faces challenges like interpretability, robustness, and scalability.The future of deep learning looks optimistic with advancements in hardware, open datasets, and AI accessibility.