Cross validation is one of the most critical approaches for model validation.Inadequate validation can lead to unreliable model performance measures.Different data splitting techniques have different impacts on model validation.Proper train-test split methods are crucial to avoid biased model evaluation.K-fold cross validation is a robust solution for model validation.Stratified sampling is critical to evaluation when dealing with imbalanced datasets.Time series validation requires specialized techniques to preserve temporal relationships.Dataset size and data type are crucial in selecting a suitable validation strategy.Monitoring validation metrics at different splits helps ensure model stability and generalization.Future research should focus on automated validation selection, domain knowledge integration, and more effective ways of handling complex data.