<ul><li>STUN servers help devices behind NAT discover their public IP addresses and port numbers.</li><li>NATs hide private IP addresses; STUN enables direct peer-to-peer connections by providing address discovery.</li><li>STUN does not route or relay traffic between peers; TURN servers are used if direct connections fail.</li><li>STUN sends binding requests to a server to learn reflexive transport addresses of clients.</li><li>UDP hole punching, facilitated by STUN, allows peers behind NAT to establish direct connections.</li><li>STUN has limitations, such as not working with symmetric NATs or restrictive firewalls.</li><li>TURN servers step in when STUN fails, providing a relay for signalling and media traffic.</li><li>TURN servers ensure reliable connectivity, and are part of the ICE framework for establishing connections.</li><li>ICE first tries direct paths using STUN, switching to TURN if necessary for successful connections.</li><li>STUN is vital for enabling technologies like WebRTC and VoIP by allowing devices to communicate across networks.</li></ul>

What is a Stun server?

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