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Why can deleted files be recovered?

  • Solid State Drives (SSDs) consist of DRAM for caching, NAND Memory for storage, and a Controller for managing operations.
  • DRAM is volatile memory used as a cache to speed up read/write operations in SSDs.
  • The SSD controller manages data operations, including translating commands and wear leveling.
  • NAND Memory organizes data in pages and blocks within memory cells.
  • When files are deleted on SSDs, the space is marked as free but data remains until overwritten, allowing potential recovery.
  • Forensic experts can recover deleted data from SSDs due to delayed data overwrite and FTL.
  • The TRIM command helps erase unused data blocks on SSDs, making deleted file recovery harder.
  • Encryption methods like software and hardware encryption help secure data on SSDs.
  • File deletion may not guarantee permanent removal, and physical destruction is a secure data disposal method.
  • Adopting comprehensive data protection practices is crucial, including encryption and secure destruction when necessary.

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