Neurons in neural networks perform a weighted sum of inputs to calculate an output, which is then sent to another neuron.Artificial neurons have two main properties: weight and bias, and they perform a linear transformation on inputs.An activation function is used to transform the output of neurons, making the network capable of handling non-linear processes.Common activation functions include Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), Sigmoid, Softmax, and Hyperbolic Tangent (tanh).ReLU is preferred for its simplicity and ability to handle large input values effectively.Sigmoid is useful for binary classification tasks by mapping inputs to values between 0 and 1.Softmax normalizes a vector of real numbers into a probability distribution, crucial for multi-class classification.Hyperbolic Tangent (tanh) is similar to sigmoid but outputs values between -1 and 1, aiding in gradient descent optimization.Binary Step function is a basic threshold-based activation function used in simple classification tasks.Bias in neurons allows for shifting the activation function curve, providing flexibility in fitting data and improving network performance.