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Supermassive black hole displays ‘unprecedented’ X-ray outbursts

An international team of researchers has detected significant X-ray oscillations near the innermost orbit of a supermassive black hole.
The extreme supermassive black hole 1ES 1927+654, located 270 million light years away, displayed rapid X-ray variability and underwent a period of undetectability for about a month before becoming the brightest supermassive black hole in the X-ray sky.
The period of the oscillations rapidly changed from around 18 minutes in 2022 to around seven minutes in 2024, which is an unprecedented finding among similar supermassive black holes.
The study suggests that the rapid X-ray period change could be driven by a white dwarf orbiting close to the supermassive black hole, raising the possibility of detecting gravitational wave signals in future.

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Brighter Side of News

242

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Light exists in 37 dimensions, challenging the limits of quantum mechanics

A team of physicists has measured a pulse of light in 37 dimensions, pushing past classical expectations and challenging assumptions about the nature of reality.
The Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) paradox provides a mathematical framework demonstrating that local realism cannot fully describe quantum systems. The research team amplified quantum nonlocality to an extreme, demonstrating that quantum systems could break the very foundation of classical reasoning.
Using high-speed electro-optical modulation and time-bin encoding, the researchers precisely controlled and measured the photonic states.
The experiment showed that the relationship between entangled particles was so deeply nonlocal, and their correlations could not be explained by any hidden variables.
By proving that a three-context GHZ paradox can exist in a 37-dimensional space, the researchers established new constraints on the nature of quantum systems.
Their findings suggest that quantum computing could leverage such extreme nonclassicality to achieve even greater efficiency and processing power.
This study has major implications for quantum computing and processing.
The study asks questions about why we humans experience reality in classical terms despite the universe behaving in deeply nonclassical ways at the quantum level.
New experiments will likely expand beyond 37 dimensions, pushing even further into the unknown.
The quantum world may hold even greater surprises beneath the surface.

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Physicsworld

375

Image Credit: Physicsworld

How the changing environment affects solar-panel efficiency: the Indian perspective

The podcast discusses how the changing environment affects solar-panel efficiency with a focus on the Indian perspective.
India needs to increase its solar-energy capacity as part of its efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Aerosol pollution is causing a decline in solar radiation in India, impacting solar-cell efficiency.
The podcast explores the implications of climate change and suggests ways to mitigate its effects on solar energy generation.

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Physicsworld

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Asteroid Bennu contains the stuff of life, sample analysis reveals

Samples taken from 101955 Bennu, an asteroid from the Asteroid Belt were found to contain a diverse range of salt minerals and water-bearing sodium carbonates leading researchers to conclude that Bennu could have delivered the essential building blocks of life to Earth during the formation of the Solar System.
The minerals that served as templates for organic molecules precipitated from the parent body’s liquid water that was heated by the radioactive decay of aluminium-26, a heat source that has since dissipated.
Contrary to previous beliefs, new studies show that the amino acids in Bennu's sample are a mix of left- and right-handed forms. This further deepens the mystery of why all life on earth uses left-handed amino acids
Researchers also found that nucleobases were present in the samples, however, neither RNA or DNA have been found in any extraterrestrial sample yet.
Astrobiologists could use the samples to answer the question of whether biological cells, proteins, or RNA formed in the early solar system within celestial objects such as Bennu's parent planetesimal or if complex biochemistry only began on Earth once the materials had been delivered from space.
The findings also raise uncertainty regarding why the organic chemistry on Bennu's parent body reached a certain point and then stopped, rather than forming more complex organic molecules or even life.
Researchers still search for more complex chemistry while continuing to study the available samples in a controlled environment.
More samples will be taken soon by the Tianwen-2 team in an upcoming mission to capture a 100-gram sample from the small near-Earth asteroid 469219 Kamo'alewa.
Learning about and eventually being able to replicate the formation of life will have large implications for astrobiologists and their understanding of the origin of life on Earth.

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Physicsworld

315

Image Credit: Physicsworld

International quantum year launches in style at UNESCO headquarters in Paris

More than 800 researchers, policy makers, and government officials gathered in Paris to attend the launch of the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology (IYQ).
The event included contributions from four Nobel prize-winning physicists - Alain Aspect, Serge Haroche, Anne l'Huillier, and William Phillips.
The IYQ aims to make quantum science accessible to all, to spread the benefits of quantum technology globally.
The launch highlighted the promises of the second quantum revolution, emphasizing the need for international cooperation and investment.

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Nytimes

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The Physics That Keeps a Crowd From Becoming a Stampede

Physicist Denis Bartolo and his colleagues have studied the spontaneous motion of large crowds in a confined space.
By filming and analyzing the San Fermín festival, Bartolo aims to prevent stampedes in future events.
It may be possible to predict crowd movements once the density of people crosses a critical threshold.
Studying crowds is challenging due to safety concerns, but predictable events like San Fermín offer valuable research opportunities.

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Physicsworld

219

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Spacewoman: trailblazing astronaut Eileen Collins makes for a compelling and thoughtful documentary subject

Eileen Collins features in Spacewoman; a documentary that skilfully traces the astronaut's life from her childhood to her status as a trailblazing spaceflight pioneer. Encounters with family, former colleagues and footage from the time, recount Collins' achievements and sacrifices. Director, Hannah Berryman, concentrates the film on the four key missions defining Collins' work at NASA, with candid interviews from colleagues and missions displaying the precision and haphazardness of space travel. Collins' experienced the birth of her daughter, shortly after her first space mission, whose memories, devastatingly include Collins' explanation of the Challenger space craft explosion.
Spacewoman forges a balance of the personal and technical achievements of Eileen Collins. Collins' excelled in a male-dominated world of aviation and space exploration. The film celebrates moments of wonder, too, with Collins describing her first sunrise from space or recalling the chocolate shuttles she brought as gifts for the Mir cosmonauts. Collins unsurprisingly proves central to many of the film's most inspiring scenes and the documentary is a comprehensive must-watch for fans of history and space travel.
Director Hannah Berryman wisely toggles focus through Collins' life's legs, notably, Collins' final mission STS-114, where the film's intensity rises with the mission teetering on the brink of disaster, due to issues readily apparent to the non-space initiation. It is an energetic moment in the film borne from a compelling topic and talented cast.
Spacewoman addresses a profound question in the pursuit of human progress: how much risk is acceptable? This film suggests those committed to something greater than themselves are willing to risk everything. Collins' career embodies this ethos, defined by an unshakeable resolve, even in the face of overwhelming odds.
The documentary screened at the DOC NYC festival in 2024 and is due for release in 2025. Spacewoman is more than a tribute to a trailblazer; it's a testament to human perseverance, curiosity and courage. Berryman finds a gripping, deeply personal narrative that will resonate with audiences globally.

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Physicsworld

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Introducing the Echo-5Q: a collaboration between FormFactor, Tabor Quantum Systems and QuantWare

The Echo-5Q is an industry collaboration between FormFactor, Tabor Quantum Systems, and QuantWare.
It is an out-of-the-box solution, providing a full-stack quantum computing system.
The Echo-5Q is designed to increase accessibility to on-site quantum computing.
The collaboration aims to democratize access to quantum devices for education, academic research, and start-ups.

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Physicsworld

233

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Tissue-like hydrogel semiconductors show promise for next-generation bioelectronics

Researchers at the University of Chicago’s Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering have created a groundbreaking hydrogel that doubles as a semiconductor.
The material combines the soft, flexible properties of biological tissues with the electronic capabilities of semiconductors, making it ideal for advanced medical devices.
The research team, led by Sihong Wang, developed a stretchy, jelly-like material that provides the robust semiconducting properties necessary for use in devices such as pacemakers, biosensors and drug delivery systems.
Hydrogels are ideal for many biomedical applications because they are soft, flexible and water-absorbent – just like human tissues.
The result is a hydrogel semiconductor material that’s soft enough to match the feel of human tissue.
This material mimics the flexibility and softness of living tissue.
The potential applications extend beyond implanted devices. The material’s high hydration and porosity enable efficient volumetric biosensing and mass transport throughout the entire thickness of the semiconducting layer, which is useful for biosensing, tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
The hydrogel also responds to light effectively, opening up possibilities for light-controlled therapies, such as light-activated wireless pacemakers or wound dressings that use heat to accelerate healing.
The material is being commercialized through UChicago’s Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation.
This class of semiconductor hydrogels could act as next-generation interfaces between human tissues and bioelectronic devices, from sensors to tailored drug-delivery systems.

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Medium

183

New Physics!

The Gaines Equation integrates consciousness, quantum mechanics, and spacetime topology in a novel quantum gravity framework.
It extends the Schrödinger equation to include topological gauge fields and recursive self-awareness terms.
The theory proposes that consciousness acts as a source of spacetime curvature and resolves issues in quantum gravity, dark energy, and wavefunction collapse.
The experimental test involves analyzing gravitational wave anomalies in LIGO/Virgo data and predicting that consciousness contributes to the effective cosmological constant.

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Physicsworld

274

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Elastic response explains why cordierite has ultra-low thermal expansion

Researchers explain the ultra-low thermal expansion of cordierite.
Cordierite's thermal expansion is influenced by its lattice vibrations and elastic properties.
The material exhibits small positive expansion in two directions and small negative expansion in the third.
Understanding cordierite's unique thermal behavior can lead to the development of high-performance materials.

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Fyfluiddynamics

389

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Flushing the Brain During Sleep

During the non-rapid eye movement phase of sleep, mice release pulses of norepinephrine that contract blood vessels in the brain, resulting in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid.
This pulsing of blood vessels allows the cerebrospinal fluid to flush out waste that builds up during wakefulness.
Sleep medications like Ambien, however, can disrupt this flow by suppressing the oscillations of blood vessels in the brain.
Further research is needed to determine if the brain pumping principle is applicable to humans and whether medications can impact this process.

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Physicsworld

251

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Researchers in China propose novel gravitational-wave observatory

Researchers in China have proposed a novel gravitational-wave observatory to search for cracks in Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
The Tetrahedron Constellation Gravitational Wave Observatory (TEGO) involves four satellites forming a tetrahedral structure in space, offering advantages over triangular configurations.
TEGO could potentially reveal new polarization modes of gravitational waves, leading to a better understanding of general relativity and gravity.
While TEGO has no specific timeline or cost estimates for launch, it offers a different technical route than the previously proposed TAIJI mission.

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COSMOS

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Quantum computer’s new insights into how the universe as we know it could collapse

Quantum field theory suggests that the universe could change, altering cosmos as we know it.
Researchers propose the existence of a 'false vacuum' in the universe that is on the verge of collapsing.
A quantum annealer, a type of quantum computer, has been used to mimic the behavior of bubbles in the false vacuum.
Understanding bubble interactions in the false vacuum could lead to advancements in quantum computing and other technologies.

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Guardian

412

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‘It was very hard to contain the emotions’: on the road with the meteorite hunters

On 28 February 2021, a falling meteorite was detected by 16 amateur cameras from the UKMON network headed towards the town of Winchcombe, Cotswolds. The UK Fireball Alliance (UKFall) drew an oval shape covering a 280km2 area where parts of a meteorite might have landed. scientists and students are searching the UK countryside for remains of the space rock.
Before 2021, the last reported UK fall was a rock the size of a cricket ball that landed in a hedge in Glatton in Cambridgeshire in May 1991.
On 1 March, the morning after the fireball, Ashley King, a planetary scientist at the Natural History Museum (NHM) and his team began to search the location where they estimated the meteorite had impacted.
The less the meteorite was altered by its stay on Earth, the greater the scientific value would be. Meteorites are prized as these rocks provide a window back in time through which we might glimpse the processes that formed and shaped the solar system, the moons, the planets and our own world.
Rob Wilcock’s picture aided Williams and he recovered the first batch at their home. 319.5g of the meteorite was recovered from the Wilcocks’ property who donated everything to the NHM, the Winchcombe Museum and the Wilson Art Gallery and Museum in Cheltenham.
The team recovered more fragments, and the tarmac itself would feature in the museum archives. Meteorite hunters and collectors sometimes become so immersed in their search that they risk personal health and a sense of life outside of their singular obsessions.
Morocco is among the world’s greatest exporters of space rocks and attracts inexperienced and ill-prepared visitors who are sometimes unprepared for the harsh desert terrain. Professionals have to trust one another in order to explore uninhabited areas. A five-hour, 45-mile – or wobbly-legged – drive along a rocky desert track can take professional meteorologists to the site of a fall – often they find that most of the decent spots have already been picked over.
A bright fireball was sighted over the English Midlands. The chair of a greenhouse factory in Cresswell, a village in the middle of the search area, was interviewed by the press. ‘We were just amazed that such a thing could happen in our little corner of Staffordshire,’ he said.
Wherever they fall, these remarkable, unlikely stones seem to demand from us an act of witness. Monuments such as the wooden post in Essex commemorating the 1923 Ashdon meteorite seek to fix in place and time a transient yet significant moment.
Adapted from The Meteorites: Encounters with Outer Space and Deep Time by Helen Gordon, published by Profile.

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