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IoT OS and RTOS in 2025

  • IoT OS and RTOS are specialized operating systems that cater to the resource constraints and real-time capabilities of IoT devices.
  • IoT devices require specialized OS to ensure seamless device operation, connectivity, and communication within an IoT ecosystem.
  • RTOS is crucial for devices and applications where timing is critical, such as industrial automation, healthcare devices, and autonomous vehicles.
  • IoT OS and RTOS are designed to be lightweight, scalable, and energy-efficient featuring deterministic responses, multiple connectivity protocols, and robust security features.
  • IoT OS and RTOS support various industry use cases, such as healthcare, automotive, and industrial automation, and are backed by industry-standardization bodies.
  • Leading IoT OS options include Contiki-NG, Zephyr OS, RIOT OS, Amazon FreeRTOS, and Google IoT Core OS.
  • Prominent RTOS platforms include FreeRTOS, RTEMS, ThreadX (Azure RTOS), VxWorks, and QNX.
  • IoT OS and RTOS trends involve convergence of OS and RTOS, supporting edge computing, AI and machine learning, enhanced security measures, and sustainability focus.
  • The challenges in IoT OS and RTOS include fragmentation, resource constraints, security vulnerabilities, scalability, and developer complexity.
  • The future of IoT in OS and RTOS involves industry-wide standardization, integration with 5G and quantum computing, and open-source collaboration, with a focus on human-centric IoT.

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Blockchain of Things: BoT

  • The Blockchain of Things (BoT) is a convergence of blockchain and IoT.
  • BoT enhances IoT systems by providing security, transparency, and autonomy.
  • Key features include decentralization, security, transparency, and automation.
  • Use cases include supply chain management, smart cities, healthcare, IIoT, autonomous vehicles, and agriculture.

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TechDigest

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Wearable Sensors: A Look at How Global Trends are Shaping Their Future

  • The world of wearable sensors is rapidly evolving, driven by major trends which are transforming various industries.
  • Digital health revolution is driving the need for advanced monitoring using wearable sensors for remote patient monitoring and virtual care.
  • Extended Reality (XR) is shaping the wearable sensor market, with sensors being used in VR headsets and smart glasses for immersive experiences.
  • Industrial IoT is fueling the demand for wearable sensors in industrial settings for enhanced safety and efficiency.
  • Future mobility trends like autonomous vehicles and V2X communication are influencing wearable sensor development for applications in connected vehicles.

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Tech Story

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Massive Security Vulnerability in Subaru’s STARLINK System Exposed by Ethical Hackers

  • Security researchers uncovered a critical vulnerability in Subaru's STARLINK system.
  • The vulnerability allowed unauthorized access to vehicle functions and customer data.
  • Potential exploits included remote vehicle control, real-time location retrieval, and access to sensitive customer data.
  • Subaru patched the vulnerability within 24 hours and no evidence of malicious exploitation was found.

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How to Turn a Raspberry Pi into a Router

  • The Raspberry Pi can be transformed into a fully functional router.
  • Requirements: Raspberry Pi, power supply, microSD card, Ethernet cables, USB Wi-Fi adapter (if needed), internet connection, and a computer.
  • Steps: Install and update Raspberry Pi OS, configure network interfaces, enable IP forwarding, install and configure a DHCP server, set up NAT (Network Address Translation), and test the router.
  • Optional: Set up a wireless access point using hostapd package.

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60/40 Vs 63/37 Solder – What are their Similarities and Differences

  • Both 60/40 and 63/37 solder are widely used in electronics for creating connections on printed circuit boards (PCBs). They have similar compositions, consisting of tin and lead, with tin being the primary component.
  • Both solder types have a melting point of approximately 183°C, good electrical conductivity, and are relatively easy to use.
  • The key differences between 60/40 and 63/37 solder lie in their eutectic properties, fluidity during soldering, strength and reliability of joints, and environmental considerations.
  • 60/40 solder is non-eutectic, requires careful handling, and contains more lead, while 63/37 solder is eutectic, provides better fluidity during soldering, forms stronger joints, and contains slightly less lead.

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Top 7 Wire and Cable Manufacturers in the World

  • Prysmian Group, based in Milan, Italy, is one of the largest and most renowned wire and cable manufacturer in the world.
  • Nexans is a leading player in the wire and cable industry based in Paris, France, with over 120 years of experience.
  • Southwire Company, founded in 1950 and headquartered in Carrollton, Georgia, USA, is one of North America’s largest wire and cable manufacturer.
  • Sumitomo Electric Industries, headquartered in Osaka, Japan, is a prominent global wire and cable manufacturer.
  • General Cable, before its acquisition by Prysmian Group in 2018, was a major player in the wire and cable industry.
  • Furukawa Electric, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a key player in the global wire and cable industry.
  • KEI Industries, based in New Delhi, India, is a rapidly growing wire and cable manufacturer.
  • The top seven manufacturers in the industry have set themselves apart through innovation and quality products.
  • They operate globally with manufacturing facilities and distribution networks worldwide.
  • They have contributed significantly to the infrastructure, technological advancements, and renewable energy solutions around the world.

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Getting Date & Time From NTP Server With ESP8266 NodeMCU

  • Keeping track of accurate time is important in many projects, especially those involving automation, logging, or scheduling.
  • Using an ESP8266 NodeMCU, you can easily get the current date and time by communicating with an NTP server.
  • This tutorial guides you through the process step-by-step, including understanding NTP servers, setting up Arduino IDE for ESP8266, installing required libraries, writing the code, uploading the code, customizing the code, and troubleshooting tips.
  • By using an NTP server, you can easily fetch accurate date and time for your projects with the ESP8266 NodeMCU, making it useful for applications like data logging, scheduling tasks, or synchronizing devices.

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Web-Based GPIO Control with ESP8266

  • This project enables control of the GPIO pins of an ESP8266 module through a web interface
  • Hardware requirements include an ESP8266 module, LED, resistor, breadboard, and jumper wires
  • Software requirements include Arduino IDE with ESP8266 Board Manager installed and a Wi-Fi connection
  • The project involves circuit setup, writing Arduino code, uploading the code, and accessing the web interface

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IoT vs. IIoT: Understanding the Key Differences

  • The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of connected devices that communicate with each other and with humans via the internet.
  • The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a subset of IoT focused on industrial and business applications, connecting machines, sensors, and systems in industries like manufacturing, energy, and transportation.
  • Key differences between IoT and IIoT include their purpose and focus, the types of devices and systems involved, the criticality of data, the network and infrastructure requirements, security concerns, and scalability.
  • While both IoT and IIoT involve connectivity, data utilization, and similar technologies, they have distinct characteristics and applications tailored to consumer needs and industrial processes.

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What Are the Differences Between DigiMesh and Zigbee Mesh?

  • DigiMesh and Zigbee are two wireless networking protocols used in mesh networks for reliable and efficient communication.
  • Mesh network is interconnected and self-healing which can automatically find new paths if a device fails.
  • DigiMesh is a proprietary mesh networking protocol ideal for industrial, agricultural, and remote monitoring applications.
  • Zigbee is an open standard protocol based on IEEE 802.15.4 and widely adopted in consumer electronics.
  • All nodes in the DigiMesh network are equal, and Single-frequency operation simplifies configuration.
  • Zigbee Mesh uses a hierarchical structure with coordinators, routers, and end devices.
  • In DigiMesh, all nodes can enter sleep mode to save power, while only end devices can enter sleep mode in Zigbee mesh.
  • DigiMesh is more scalable and easier to set up than Zigbee Mesh.
  • DigiMesh operates on a single frequency, while Zigbee Mesh operates on multiple channels within the 2.4 GHz band (globally) and 868/915 MHz bands (regionally).
  • Choose DigiMesh for highly reliable and energy-efficient networks, while Zigbee Mesh is ideal for smart home and consumer applications, compatible with a wide range of devices from different manufacturers.

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Digi XBee: Getting Started with Digi XBee

  • Digi XBee is a family of small wireless communication modules designed to help devices talk to each other without using wires.
  • Digi XBee modules are made by Digi International and support various wireless communication technologies, such as Zigbee, Wi-Fi, Cellular, and more.
  • These modules are known for their flexibility, reliability, energy efficiency, and ability to create strong, self-healing networks.
  • Digi XBee modules are used in various fields including home automation, agriculture, industrial automation, healthcare, and asset tracking.

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Chromebooks Are Getting Face Controls – And They’re Unlike Anything We’ve Seen Before

  • Chromebooks are introducing face controls, allowing users to control their devices using facial expressions and head movements.
  • The feature utilizes AI, machine learning, and facial tracking algorithms to interpret facial gestures as commands.
  • Face controls enhance accessibility, convenience, and productivity, particularly for individuals with physical disabilities.
  • The potential of face controls extends to emotion-based commands, interactive gaming, and personalized responses.

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Apple Intelligence Automatically Enabled in iOS 18.3

  • Apple is rolling out Apple Intelligence, its AI-driven feature suite, with the latest iOS 18.3 update.
  • Apple Intelligence will be enabled by default during the device setup process when users install iOS 18.3, iPadOS 18.3, or macOS 15.3.
  • Apple Intelligence includes AI-generated notification summaries, productivity enhancements, and other automation features.
  • Users can easily opt-out of Apple Intelligence by navigating to Settings and disabling the feature.

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Securityaffairs

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Cloudflare blocked a record-breaking 5.6 Tbps DDoS attack

  • Cloudflare announced blocking a record-breaking 5.6 Tbps DDoS attack.
  • The attack occurred on October 29 and lasted for 80 seconds.
  • The botnet behind the attack consisted of 13,000 IoT devices.
  • Cloudflare's detection and mitigation were fully automated.

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