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Medium
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Learn before play:
- To pick the right habit, make it easy and achievable.
- Consider the long-term challenge and improvement in any area.
- Trial and error is a common approach, but time is limited.
- The explore/exploit trade-off can help manage this conundrum.
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Knowridge
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Image Credit: Knowridge
Strange winds blow through this exoplanet’s atmosphere
- Some exoplanets, like hot Jupiters such as WASP-121 b, exhibit characteristics vastly different from those in our Solar System.
- WASP-121 b is an ultra-hot Jupiter located about 860 light-years away, tidally locked to its star.
- Research using the VLT and ESPRESSO instruments revealed powerful winds and unique atmospheric features on Tylos.
- The studies identified iron, titanium, sodium, and hydrogen in its atmosphere, challenging existing weather paradigms.
- One study focused on the vertical structure of atmospheric dynamics, uncovering distinct wind patterns and layers.
- Another study delved into Tylos' chemistry, detecting elements like Ti I, Mn I, and Co I, offering insights into its composition.
- The findings serve as a testbed for Global Circulation Models and push the boundaries of exoplanet atmosphere research.
- Ground-based observations provided detailed 3D maps and revealed complex atmospheric processes on this unique exoplanet.
- The upcoming Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) is expected to revolutionize exoplanet atmosphere studies with its enhanced capabilities.
- Scientists anticipate uncovering more remarkable discoveries about exoplanet atmospheres with advanced telescopes like the ELT.
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Universe Today
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Image Credit: Universe Today
How Astronomers Make Deep Maps of the Milky Way
- Astronomers use 21cm radiation, emitted by hydrogen atoms, to map the structure of the Milky Way.
- 21cm radiation can travel through interstellar dust, allowing astronomers to study star-forming gas clouds and the shape of spiral arms of the galaxy.
- By analyzing the redshift and blueshift of 21cm radiation, astronomers can determine the rotation speed of different regions of the Milky Way, providing insights into its dynamics and motion.
- 21cm radiation is also used to estimate the masses of distant galaxies by examining the neutral hydrogen gas clouds in those galaxies.
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Knowridge
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How a distant supernova may have changed viruses on Earth
- A recent study suggests that a distant supernova explosion may have caused significant changes in viruses infecting fish in Africa's Lake Tanganyika.
- Researchers believe that the explosion exposed the viruses to high levels of cosmic radiation, leading to the evolution of new virus species.
- The study found traces of the radioactive element iron-60, dating back to a supernova occurrence about 2.5 million years ago.
- The research provides new evidence that cosmic events can have unexpected effects on life on Earth, and highlights the need to explore the connections between space and life further.
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Brighter Side of News
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New supernova discovery may hold key to the history of the Universe
- Type Ia supernovae have been crucial for measuring the universe's expansion for over 30 years, revealing its acceleration in the late 1990s and the existence of dark energy.
- The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) has released a groundbreaking dataset of 3,628 Type Ia supernovae, shedding new light on cosmological measurements.
- These supernovae serve as 'standard candles,' aiding in distance calculations across the universe, but many aspects of them remain enigmatic to scientists.
- The ZTF dataset, with its rapid and deep sky scanning capabilities, captures supernovae early in their explosion, providing valuable insights into their evolution.
- By reducing uncertainties through refined measurements, Type Ia supernovae have become precise tools for cosmic distance calculations.
- The ZTF dataset challenges the standard model of cosmology by providing unprecedented amounts of data that may lead to new discoveries and refine existing models.
- Inconsistencies like the Hubble constant discrepancy and deviations in the dark energy equation of state suggest potential new physics beyond the current model.
- The ZTF team's aim with the new dataset is to address fundamental questions in physics and cosmology, offering insights into the universe's composition and expansion.
- This dataset opens doors for researchers to explore Type Ia supernovae with an exceptional level of precision, potentially uncovering new physics or clarifying existing discrepancies.
- This significant step forward in understanding the universe's history and fate through supernova observations emphasizes the importance of ongoing cosmological research.
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Livescience
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Image Credit: Livescience
China is building a space telescope to rival the JWST — and it could survive in orbit decades longer
- China is building the China Space Station Telescope (CSST), a new space telescope that will rival current top-tier observatories.
- The CSST will be as powerful as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and fully repairable and upgradable from space.
- With a launch anticipated in 2026, the CSST will have a field of view at least 300 times greater than Hubble's and will span the light spectrum from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared.
- The CSST's missions include measuring weak gravitational lensing, studying the statistics of voids and clusters, searching for supernovas, and measuring baryon acoustic oscillations.
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Insider
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The US Space Force needs a 'warfighting ethos' and increased funding to compete with China in space: report
- The US Space Force needs a "warfighting ethos" to compete with China in space, a new report has said.
- The Space Force also lacks a clearly defined role and resources, the authors said.
- The report recommends a change in mindset and increased funding to enable the Space Force to compete effectively against China in the space domain.
- The authors suggest the need for increased warfighting ethos and the deployment of offensive and defensive weapons to deter hostile actions and conflict.
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Knowridge
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Image Credit: Knowridge
Fluffy molecular clouds formed stars in the early universe
- Stars form in Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs), vast clouds of mostly hydrogen, spanning tens of light years, where thousands of stars can form.
- The early Universe lacked elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, affecting star formation due to low metallicity.
- Research focused on star formation in low-metallicity environments, like the Small Magellanic Cloud.
- ALMA observations in the Small Magellanic Cloud showed that 60% of molecular clouds had filamentary structures, while 40% had a 'fluffy' shape.
- Temperature variations between filamentary and fluffy clouds suggest different star formation processes.
- Cloud morphology indicates evolutionary stages and potential for forming planetary systems.
- Filamentary clouds are associated with younger stars and outflows, while fluffy clouds show different temperature distributions.
- Evolutionary differences in cloud structures and temperatures are unique to low-metallicity environments.
- The study highlights the importance of heavy elements in maintaining filamentary structures for star formation, impacting planetary system formation.
- Future research aims to explore the role of turbulence, magnetic fields, and radiative feedback in filament formation and star evolution.
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Knowridge
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If you’re going to call aliens, use this number
- 21cm radiation, connected to hydrogen spin flip, has the potential to be a universal language for communication with aliens.
- Hydrogen atom's electron flipping its spin releases energy at a wavelength of 21 centimeters.
- The advantage of 21cm radiation is its ability to penetrate interstellar dust, making it ideal for long-distance communication.
- The use of 21cm radiation as a communication method relies on the hope that aliens will understand the hydrogen spin-flip transition.
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Nasa
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NASA Awards Planetary Defense Space Telescope Launch Services Contract
- NASA has awarded SpaceX with a launch services contract for the Near-Earth Object (NEO) Surveyor mission.
- The total cost of the contract, including the launch service and mission-related costs, is approximately $100 million.
- The NEO Surveyor mission aims to detect and observe asteroids and comets that could pose a potential impact threat to Earth.
- The mission will launch no earlier than September 2027 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Florida.
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Teslarati
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SpaceX Starship’s next test flight gets target date – Here’s when it could lift off
- SpaceX's Starship is preparing for its eighth test flight, following the destruction of its previous rocket.
- The launch window for the upcoming test flight is listed as starting on February 26 at 5:30 p.m. EST and will continue through March 6.
- SpaceX aims to catch the first-stage booster during this launch and investigate the cause of the previous rocket's explosion.
- The Starship test flight in January ended in a stunning display of explosion, with debris falling into the Atlantic Ocean.
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Nasa
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Image Credit: Nasa
NASA Awards Delivery Order for NOAA’s Space Weather Program
- NASA has awarded a delivery order to BAE Systems Space & Mission Systems Inc. to build spacecraft for the Lagrange 1 Series project.
- The delivery order, part of NOAA's Space Weather Next program, is worth approximately $230.6 million and will run from February 2025 to February 2035.
- The project will involve the development of up to two spacecraft, instrument integration, satellite-level testing, and mission operations support.
- The Lagrange 1 Series project will provide important data for NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center to mitigate space weather impacts.
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Nasa
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Image Credit: Nasa
NASA Sets Coverage for Intuitive Machines’ Next Commercial Moon Launch
- NASA's Intuitive Machines IM-2 mission carrying science and technology for the Moon is set to launch on Feb. 26 from Kennedy Space Center.
- The mission will deploy the lunar lander Athena to the Moon with NASA investigations to study the lunar environment.
- It includes demonstrations of resource use, communication systems, laser retroreflectors, and a propulsive drone for lunar exploration.
- Alongside IM-2, NASA's Lunar Trailblazer spacecraft will map lunar water distribution in orbit.
- A media teleconference on Feb. 25 will feature speakers discussing the mission's goals and technology.
- Another teleconference on Feb. 26 will cover the readiness for the lunar delivery launch.
- Both teleconferences will stream live on NASA's website, with a dial-in option for media questions.
- Coverage of the launch will begin on NASA+ about 45 minutes before liftoff, with live streaming and blog updates available.
- Members of the public can virtually attend the launch and engage with NASA on social media platforms using #Artemis.
- To learn more about NASA's CLPS initiative, visit their website at https://www.nasa.gov/clps.
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Nasa
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Image Credit: Nasa
Muscle, Eye, and Breath Research Keeping Crews Healthy in Weightlessness
- Muscle, eye, and respiratory research conducted on the International Space Station is helping keep crews healthy on long term space missions and informing treatments on Earth.
- NASA Flight Engineer Nick Hague worked on an investigation to counteract space-induced muscle loss by stimulating his muscles using electrical signals.
- NASA Flight Engineer Don Pettit assisted in conducting eye exams to study the effects of spaceflight on astronauts' eyes and explore potential treatments.
- Other activities on the space station included space agriculture research, working on spacesuits, emergency training, and studying materials in the Electrostatic Levitation Furnace.
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Universe Today
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Image Credit: Universe Today
Strange Winds Blow Through this Exoplanet’s Atmosphere
- The exoplanet WASP-121 b, also known as Tylos, exhibits unique characteristics such as extreme temperatures and wind patterns.
- Researchers observed powerful winds and confirmed the presence of iron and titanium in Tylos' atmosphere using the VLT and ESPRESSO instruments.
- The study led to the discovery of distinct layers and unusual winds in Tylos' atmosphere, providing valuable insights.
- The findings challenge existing weather models and offer a deeper understanding of atmospheric dynamics on exoplanets.
- The VLT's advanced technology allowed for detailed mapping of Tylos' atmosphere, showing complex wind interactions and chemical compositions.
- The research revealed the existence of titanium below the jet stream, contradicting previous studies and highlighting the benefits of using advanced instruments like ESPRESSO.
- The cross-correlation technique was instrumental in detecting specific molecules and atoms in Tylos' atmosphere, enhancing our ability to study exoplanet atmospheres.
- Ground-based telescopes like the VLT will be further enhanced by the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) in 2028, revolutionizing exoplanet atmosphere studies.
- The study’s detailed analysis opens up opportunities for future observational capabilities and advancements in understanding exoplanet atmospheres.
- The researchers hope that the ELT will lead to groundbreaking discoveries in the field of exoplanet atmospheres, unveiling remarkable phenomena.
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