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Knowridge
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Super sapphire: The future of scratch-proof and self-cleaning screens
- Scientists at The University of Texas at Austin have created nanostructures on the surface of sapphire, enhancing its properties.
- The nanostructures provide scratch resistance, resistance to fog, dust, and glare, making sapphire more useful for everyday products.
- The design of the nanostructures is inspired by nature, such as the shape of a moth's eye to reduce glare and lotus leaves to repel water.
- The self-cleaning sapphire surfaces have potential applications in smartphones, glasses, car windows, cameras, and space equipment.
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Knowridge
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New sensors could detect hydrogen leaks for a safer future
- Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques (IPM) in Germany have developed advanced sensors to detect hydrogen leaks.
- Hydrogen is highly flammable and difficult to detect due to its invisibility and odorlessness.
- The sensors, developed as part of the TransHyDE project, cover a variety of situations and use different methods for detection.
- These sensors will contribute to the safe expansion of hydrogen usage in industries and energy production.
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Knowridge
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Faster Internet and 6G: How liquid crystal is boosting fiber optic networks
- Researchers at Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF) in Germany have developed a new way to make fiber optic networks more efficient.
- Using liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) mirrors, the researchers introduced flexible switching to handle data traffic more efficiently over long distances.
- The WESORAM project combines wavelength-division multiplexing with space-division multiplexing, allowing data to be distributed across different fiber strands and increasing network capacity.
- The researchers also improved the optical module resolution, allowing more data to be transmitted at the same time, boosting speed and efficiency.
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Knowridge
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Scientists unlock the secrets of magnetic spirals for future electronics
- Scientists have developed a method to accurately model and predict complex spin structures using quantum mechanics calculations.
- The study focuses on chiral helimagnets, special magnetic materials that could be used in next-generation electronics.
- Using a small section of the material, the researchers successfully predicted the helix wavevector, helix period, and critical magnetic field.
- This breakthrough could lead to the design of better materials for advanced electronics and new energy-efficient technologies.
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Iotbyhvm
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Sensors and Actuators: Understanding Their Types and Uses
- Sensors and actuators are essential components in automation and smart technology, detecting, processing, and responding to environmental changes in various applications.
- Sensors detect physical, chemical, or biological changes in the environment and convert them into electrical signals for further processing and triggering actions.
- Steps for using sensors include selecting the right type, positioning them accurately, connecting to a processor, processing data, and triggering output devices.
- Various types of sensors include temperature, pressure, proximity, motion, light, gas and chemical, humidity, and sound sensors, each serving specific functions.
- Actuators receive control signals and perform physical actions such as moving, opening, or rotating, crucial in automation, robotics, and mechanical control systems.
- Using actuators involves receiving input signals, processing them, performing mechanical actions, and some actuators have feedback mechanisms for precision control.
- Types of actuators include electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, thermal, mechanical, and piezoelectric actuators, each utilizing different forms of energy for motion.
- Sensors and actuators enable automation, intelligent decision-making, and efficiency in industrial, healthcare, and home automation applications, continually evolving with advancements in technology.
- Understanding the types and uses of sensors and actuators is vital for designing efficient and smart systems that integrate with artificial intelligence and IoT for improved functionality.
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Iotbyhvm
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Introduction of Microcontrollers
- Microcontrollers are compact integrated circuits designed for specific tasks within embedded systems.
- They consist of a CPU, memory, and I/O peripherals embedded into a single chip.
- Microcontrollers are optimized for real-time control applications, operate on low power, and are suitable for battery-powered devices.
- Arduino is a popular microcontroller platform that provides both hardware and software.
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Knowridge
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Tasting cake in virtual reality? New technology makes it possible
- Scientists have developed a device called "e-Taste" that allows users to taste food while using VR headsets.
- The device uses tiny sensors and wireless chemical dispensers to simulate different flavors in the mouth.
- e-Taste could enable users to taste food in a virtual environment without actually eating or drinking.
- The technology has potential applications in gaming, as well as helping people with taste disorders experience flavors again.
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Eletimes
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Keysight Expands RF and Microwave Portfolio with New Fast and Compact Test Instruments
- Keysight Technologies, Inc. has expanded its RF and microwave instrument portfolio with new test instruments.
- The new instruments include analog signal generators, vector signal generators, RF synthesizers, and signal source analyzers.
- These compact tools offer fast switching speed, low phase noise, and scalability in channel count.
- The instruments provide RF engineers with versatile solutions for component and device characterization at frequencies up to 54 GHz.
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Iotbyhvm
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Building an IoT-Based Temperature Monitoring System with Custom PCB
- This article discusses the design and development of an IoT-based temperature monitoring system using a custom PCB.
- The project includes the integration of a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, and a custom PCB manufactured by PCBONLINE.
- The article outlines the circuit design and PCB layout process, along with the steps to generate Gerber files for manufacturing.
- The ESP8266 module sends temperature data to an IoT platform for real-time monitoring, and the code for the temperature monitoring system is provided.
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Eletimes
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MWC25: Rohde & Schwarz demonstrates unique UWB radar target simulation with NXP Trimension NCJ29D6 automotive solution
- NXP Semiconductors and Rohde & Schwarz collaborated to demonstrate a test setup for UWB radar target simulation at the Mobile World Congress.
- The demonstration verified the performance of the NXP Trimension NCJ29D6A chipset with enhanced radar algorithms.
- The test setup enables maximum control and reproducibility of simulated scenarios, with the capability to generate UWB radar targets at various distances.
- The collaboration aims to support UWB technology in automotive use cases and reduce development cycles for UWB radar systems and algorithms.
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Iotbyhvm
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Communication Protocols: I2C, SPI, UART, and CAN
- I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit): A two-wire protocol for connecting multiple devices.
- SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): A high-speed protocol for fast data transfer.
- UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter): A simple serial communication protocol.
- CAN (Controller Area Network): A robust protocol for automotive and industrial applications.
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Iotbyhvm
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Best Alternatives to ESP8266 in 2025
- The ESP8266 has been a widely popular Wi-Fi module for IoT projects but new alternatives have emerged in 2025.
- Reasons for seeking alternatives include limited processing power, lack of BLE support, higher power consumption, security concerns, and limited GPIOs.
- The best alternatives in 2025 include ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico W, nRF52840, Wio Terminal, STM32WB55, and Realtek RTL8720DN.
- Each alternative offers unique features and is suitable for different use cases such as smart home automation, industrial IoT, low-power IoT, and more.
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Iotbyhvm
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What is SBC (Single-Board Computer) & SoC (System on Chip)
- A Single-Board Computer (SBC) is a complete computer system built onto a single circuit board, while a System on Chip (SoC) is an integrated circuit that consolidates all essential components of a computer onto a single chip.
- Key features of SBCs include a compact design, integrated CPU, RAM, storage, and I/O interfaces, low power consumption, and expandability via USB and other interfaces.
- Advantages of SBCs include cost-effectiveness, ease of use, versatility for different applications, and large community support.
- SoCs are highly integrated microchips that include components such as CPU, GPU, RAM controller, I/O interfaces, and wireless modules. They offer advantages like space efficiency, optimized performance, and reduced complexity in hardware design.
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Knowridge
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New Wi-Fi attack uses smart surfaces to jam specific devices
- A new study by scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy (MPI-SP) and Ruhr University Bochum (RUB) reveals a more advanced method of jamming Wi-Fi using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS).
- RIS technology allows attackers to target specific devices while leaving others unaffected, making it harder to detect the attack.
- The researchers successfully demonstrated the selective jamming technique using RIS, emphasizing the need for new encryption methods or detection systems to counter RIS-based attacks.
- As Wi-Fi networks continue to evolve, security experts must stay ahead of these new threats to keep wireless systems safe from sophisticated jamming attacks.
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Medium
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The joy of AVR 8-bit microcontrollers
- Microcontrollers are smaller, cheaper, and simpler computing devices.
- They are complete computers on a single chip with processor, memory, storage, and I/O capabilities.
- Microcontrollers are found in various everyday electronic devices.
- They offer a great opportunity for understanding technology and hacking.
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