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Fractional knapsack tutorial

Introduction to Fractional Knapsack problems.
Different ways to solve knapsack problem
Understanding Fractional Knapsack with an example
Implementation of Fractional Knapsack

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Prodevelopertutorial

292

Boyer Moore algorithm

Boyer Moore algorithm is used for pattern searching inside a string.
It follows a set of rules when a mismatch occurs between the pattern and the string.
The algorithm starts searching from the rightmost character in the string.
If a mismatch occurs, it either skips the whole word in the string or skips until a character in the pattern matches a character in the string.

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Prodevelopertutorial

247

Introduction to Rabin Karp algorithm

Rabin Karp algorithm uses a hash function and brute force approach to check if a pattern is present inside a string.
Get the hash of the pattern and the hash of the whole string, and check if any hash value from substring matches our pattern hash.
If the character are not same, it is called as spurious hit. The prime number can be random and larger the prime number, less chances of getting the same output from the hash function.
In the above two steps, we are actually rolling over character by character, at any point we would have already calculated value for 2 characters.
This method is called as the rolling hash method.
When we find a match, we check if all the characters are the same. If the same we got out search pattern.
If the hash value is the same but strings are different, we conclude that it is a spurious hit and check if there exist another hash value that is the same as our pattern hash.
The Rabin-Karp algorithm uses a hash function to calculate the hash of the pattern.
Then, it uses the hash of the pattern to compare with the hash of every n-length substring of the text using the rolling hash method.
If a match is found using the hash values, the actual strings are compared by brute force to avoid spurious hits.

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Prodevelopertutorial

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Knuth Morris Pratt String matching algorithm

Given a string “s” and a pattern ‘p’, the task is to find if the pattern is present in the string “s”.
A brute force approach compares one letter after another, till we find the sub pattern or we reach end of the string.
There are 3 pattern matching algorithms, Knuth Morris Pratt(KMP) is the first algorithm in them.
KMP Algorithm is bit difficult to understand, and has 2 parts: partial match table and string matching.
We create a partial match table which will help us to skip the number of characters when there is a mismatch, eliminating checking of all the characters one by one.
To search the string, take 2 variables, i.e., i = string [str[0]] & j = pattern[0].
If the match is found, increment the index of both I and j. If there is a mismatch, move j to the location in PMT. If j = 0, then increment i index.
KMP Algorithm follows a high-level working approach to find the sub-pattern in a given string using the partial match table.
C++ implementation of KMP Algorithm which creates a partial match table based on the pattern and runs the KMP algorithm pattern p on target t, returns a Boolean if or not in the target.
KMP Algorithm is a more efficient way to search the pattern in the target in comparison to the brute-force approach.

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Prodevelopertutorial

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Floyd Warshalls algorithm

This tutorial discusses Floyd-Warshall's algorithm which is used to find the shortest path between all pairs of vertices in a graph.
The algorithm is based on dynamic programming approach. It is the third type of algorithm to find the shortest path for all vertex to every other vertex.
The article discusses previous two algorithms: Dijkstra's algorithm for finding the shortest path from one node to all other nodes/vertices and Bellman Ford's Algorithm to find the shortest path from one node to all other nodes.
Based on DP approach, the algorithm finds the shortest path by breaking the problem into simple sub-problems and solving them.
This article explains the algorithm using an example graph and by constructing distance matrices to solve the problem.
The article also provides implementation details using a C program with steps to calculate the shortest path between all pairs of vertices in a graph.
The output of the Floyd Warshall's algorithm is a shortest path matrix that provides the shortest distance between pairs of vertices in the graph.
The algorithm works for both undirected and directed graphs and can handle negative edge weights.
The time complexity of the algorithm is O(V^3), where V is the number of vertices in the graph.
Floyd-Warshall's algorithm is widely used in network routing and traffic analysis.

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RealPython

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Strings and Character Data in Python

Python strings are a sequence of characters used for handling textual data.
Strings in Python are immutable, meaning once you define a string, you can’t change it.
To access specific elements of a string, you use indexing, where indices start at 0 for the first character.
You can join all elements in a list into a single string using .join().

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RealPython

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Working With JSON Data in Python

Python’s json module provides you with the tools you need to effectively handle JSON data.
JSON is a widely-used text-based format for data interchange.
Python provides robust tools to facilitate the managing of JSON data efficiently.
JSON is the predominant standard for the exchange of information between systems.
Python makes it straightforward to work with JSON data.
JSON’s straightforward syntax allows both humans and computers to read and write JSON data effortlessly.
JSON format is text-based and has a simplistic syntax that is easy to read.
Python data types can be converted to a JSON-formatted string with json.dumps().
JSON data can be parsed with json.loads().
Python’s json.tool module can minify and prettify JSON files.

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RealPython

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Using Python's pip to Manage Your Projects' Dependencies

pip is a package manager for Python, used to install and manage libraries that aren’t part of the Python standard library.
pip stands for “pip installs packages”, indicating its primary function.
You use pip to manage dependencies and install packages from the Python Package Index (PyPI).
You can do a lot with pip, but the Python community is very active and has created some neat alternatives to pip.
The Python installer gives you the option to install pip when installing Python on your system.
On some Linux (Unix) systems like Ubuntu, pip comes in a separate package called python3-pip, which you need to install with sudo apt install python3-pip.
You can verify that pip is available by looking for the pip3 executable on your system.
Instead of running your system pip directly, you can also run it as a Python module.
Running pip as a module you can ensure that your system default Python version runs the pip command.
Use requirements files to manage projects’ dependencies.

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Medium

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A cap is a kind of headwear,

Caps, particularly baseball caps, are the most popular style of headwear that originated in the United States in the late 19th century.
They were initially designed for baseball players to protect their faces from the sun and later became a global fashion trend.
Caps also have important roles in professional and organizational contexts, such as military caps, police caps, academic caps, and chef's caps.
In sports, being capped refers to representing one's country in a real game, such as in cricket.

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Dev

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Optimizing Go Applications: Advanced Caching Strategies for Performance and Scalability

Caching is a crucial technique for improving the performance and scalability of Go applications.
In-memory caches store data directly in the application's memory, allowing for extremely fast access times.
Distributed caching systems like Redis or Memcached allow us to share cache data across multiple application instances and persist data between restarts.
One important aspect of caching is cache invalidation.
When dealing with large amounts of data, it's often beneficial to implement a multi-level caching strategy.
Go's expvar package can be useful for exposing cache performance metrics like cache hit rates, latency, and memory usage.
The golang.org/x/sync/singleflight package can be incredibly useful in these scenarios, helping us avoid the "thundering herd" problem.
Implementing efficient caching strategies in Go applications involves a combination of choosing the right tools, understanding trade-offs, and carefully considering specific needs.
Caching requires ongoing monitoring and tuning based on real-world usage patterns.
Caching can be a powerful tool in our Go development toolkit, helping us build faster, more scalable applications.

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Javarevisited

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Top 10 Courses to Learn Spring Boot in 2025 for Java Developers - Best of Lot

There are some excellent resources, including books, tutorials, and online courses to learn Spring Boot.
Online courses have become a popular choice for learning Spring Boot.
Starting with an online course like Spring Boot 3, Spring 6 & Hibernate for Beginners can provide a solid foundation.
Spring Boot in Action is a recommended book for comprehensive learning.

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Dev

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LeetCode Challenge: 58. Length of Last Word 🚀

LeetCode 58: Length of Last Word is a string manipulation problem.
The task is to find the length of the last word in the given string.
The problem can be solved by trimming unnecessary spaces and locating the last word efficiently.
An alternative solution is to traverse the string backward to find the last word.

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Dev

238

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7 Serverless Architecture Patterns for Building Scalable Web Apps

Serverless architecture has revolutionized the way we build and deploy web applications. In this article, I'll share seven serverless architecture patterns that can help you create scalable web applications.
Function as a Service (FaaS) is the cornerstone of serverless computing. It allows developers to focus solely on writing code without worrying about server management. I've found FaaS particularly useful for building microservices and event-driven architectures.
The Backend for Frontend (BFF) pattern has been a game-changer in my projects. It involves creating separate backend services for different frontend clients, optimizing data transfer and improving overall performance. I've implemented this pattern using AWS Lambda and API Gateway.
Event-driven Data Processing is particularly effective for handling real-time data streams. A powerful example is an Azure Function that processes IoT device data.
Serverless WebSockets have opened up new possibilities for real-time communication in web applications. AWS API Gateway and Lambda can be used to implement this pattern for building chat applications and live dashboards.
Static Site Generation with Serverless Functions combines the performance of static sites with the flexibility of server-side processing. Netlify Functions can be used to create highly performant yet dynamic websites.
Serverless API Gateways have simplified API management. AWS API Gateway is a configuration example with two endpoints, each integrated with a specific Lambda function.
Scheduled Tasks and Cron Jobs have become much more cost-effective with serverless architecture. An example using Google Cloud Functions is a function runs a BigQuery job to calculate daily website visits and can be scheduled to run automatically using Cloud Scheduler.
By leveraging these patterns, you can create applications that are not only scalable and cost-efficient but also easier to maintain and evolve over time.
Serverless computing isn't just a trend; it's a fundamental shift in how we approach web development. It's important to consider the specific needs of your project and experiment with different patterns to become more comfortable with the technology. Remember, the goal is to create value for your users, and serverless architecture is a powerful tool to help you achieve that goal more efficiently.

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Medium

How to Archive iMessages via API with User Authorization Workflow?

Accessing iMessage data directly through publicly available APIs is currently not feasible.
Apple prioritizes user privacy and does not offer a straightforward API for accessing the contents of iMessage conversations.
Indirect methods exist, but they are often unreliable, prone to breaking with iOS updates, and may not provide comprehensive access to the desired data.
Archiving iMessages via API requires deep knowledge of iOS development, careful consideration of legal and ethical implications, and implementation of robust security measures.

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Medium

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How to Ship Bug-Free Code (or Die Trying): The Quality Playbook

Measuring code quality before production is crucial to successful deployments and reducing risk.
Code complexity, test coverage, and code duplication should be assessed for better code quality.
Integration of tools like SonarQube, Fortify, and language-specific linters is recommended.
Regular code reviews, early refactoring, and continuous improvement are essential for maintaining code quality.

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