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Space News
Universe Today
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Image Credit: Universe Today
Astronomers Find a Black Hole Tipped Over on its Side
- Astronomers have discovered a galaxy, NGC 5084, with a black hole that appears to have been turned on its side, spinning out of alignment with its host galaxy.
- Using a new technique called SAUNAS (Selective Amplification of Ultra Noisy Astronomical Signal), researchers found four large X-ray plumes extending from the center of the galaxy, unusual in both number and alignment with the galactic plane.
- Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope, Atacama Large Millimeter Array, and NRAO's Expanded Very Large Array revealed a dusty inner disk spinning at a 90-degree angle to the rest of the galaxy.
- The disturbance in the galaxy's structure suggests a possible collision with another galaxy, causing the black hole to tip over.
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Livescience
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Image Credit: Livescience
NASA's Parker Solar Probe will reach its closest-ever point to the sun on Christmas Eve
- NASA's Parker Solar Probe will reach its closest-ever point to the sun on Christmas Eve, coming within 3.8 million miles (6.1 million km) and reaching a top speed of around 435,000 mph (700,000 km/h).
- The probe was launched in 2018 to study the sun's atmosphere and has already broken the record for closest approach to the sun by any spacecraft.
- The upcoming flyby will be a monumental achievement, equivalent to the moon landing of 1969, according to Nour Raouafi, project scientist for the Parker Solar Probe mission.
- The close approach coincides with the sun's peak activity, known as solar maximum, and could help scientists better understand the sun's magnetic field and predict space weather.
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Livescience
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Image Credit: Livescience
Everything you need to know about digiscoping
- Digiscoping or afocal photography facilitates quick and budget nature photography with superior magnification offered by spotting scopes.
- Digiscoping offers accessibility to people via fair affordability and simplicity to hold the camera phone up to the eyepiece.
- Digiscoping does not necessarily require a spotting scope, but it is crucial to look for larger-aperture scopes with magnifications greater than 60x.
- For steady viewing, a tripod with a panhandle head is essential, with a scope’s quick-release feet fixed to the panhandle.
- Afocal photography demands an adapter to fix the camera at the correct distance, block stray lights, and avoid blurred images.
- Adapters for smartphones are universal and inexpensive, while DSLR adapters must match the brand of the camera and the spotting scope eyepiece's diameter.
- Bluetooth remote control devices for the camera or cable-release system for DSLRs are available to avoid unintended vibrations, producing clear photographs.
- Digiscoping is best for non-professional nature photographers as it provides ease of use, affordability, and easy sharing.
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Medium
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Image Credit: Medium
Data Mining and Their Classification
- A data mining system can be classified based on databases mined, knowledge mined, techniques utilized, and applications adapted.
- Classification based on the databases mined includes relational, transactional, object-relational, or data warehouse mining systems.
- Background knowledge, such as concept hierarchies and user beliefs, is important for guiding the knowledge discovery process and evaluating patterns found.
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Earthsky
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Image Credit: Earthsky
Mercury farthest from the sunrise this week
- The innermost planet Mercury reached its greatest morning elongation on December 25, 2024, being farthest from the sunrise on our sky’s dome. At that time, Mercury was 22 degrees from the sun in our sky. It was shining at -0.3 magnitude that morning.
- Mercury transitions between us and the sun pretty often, about every 116 days and its greatest elongations are not equal. Its distance from the sun on our sky’s dome varies from about 28 degrees (maximum) to 18 degrees (minimum).
- Mercury will slip away in the morning glare in January 2025.
- In the last half of December 2024, see the bright but elusive little planet Mercury near the horizon in the morning twilight. Look for it about 40 minutes before sunrise.
- At greatest elongation – December 25, 2024 – Mercury is farthest from the sunrise, and it’ll edge back toward the sunrise and become a little bit brighter, making it easier to spot in the morning twilight.
- Once spotted, notice that Mercury brightens quickly as December progresses, reaching a magnitude of around -0.4 (bright, but in bright morning twilight) by the end of the month.
- Mercury events in 2024 include being closest to Earth on January 12, inferior conjunction on April 11, and its perihelion on April 22.
- Mercury will re-emerge in our dawn around mid-month and orbit the sun every 88 days.
- For Southern Hemisphere viewers, Mercury will lie low in the bright southeastern twilight thirty minutes before sunrise, and might be difficult to spot. The little planet will lie near the bright red star Antares in Scorpius the Scorpion.
- On the mornings of December 27 and 28, 2024, the waning crescent moon will float above the eastern horizon near Mercury and Antares – the brightest star of Scorpius the Scorpion. Also nearby is the bright star Zubenelgenubi. Look for them about an 40 minutes before sunrise.
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Medium
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Symptoms of brachial ulcer:
- Symptoms of brachial ulcer include laziness, weakness, and inflamed lymph glands.
- The lymph glands are fine vessels that assist the body's defense system against infection.
- Initial care for a brachial ulcer includes sterile dressing, immobilization, and seeking medical attention.
- Human body has 206 bones that protect internal organs.
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Earthsky
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Image Credit: Earthsky
See the top 10 stories of 2024 from EarthSky
- Comet C/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan-ATLAS was the brightest and longest comet seen in 27 years.
- A new asteroid known as an aubrite, originating on Mercury, hit Germany.
- Extreme weather like Climate change is causing severe weather events hard to predict.
- New research has confirmed a now-dry river called the Ahramat played a role in building the pyramids.
- The existence of a Planet 9 beyond Neptune in the outer region of the solar system is more likely.
- The longest-known continuous sequence of sauropod footprints in the world discovered in Colorado.
- A large fireball blazed over North America on 21st October 2024.
- A small asteroid hit over the Philippines on 5th September 2024.
- Comet Pons-Brooks’ horned appearance and outburst earned it the name of Devil Comet.
- In May and June, trillions of cicadas emerged across parts of the U.S. in 2024.
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Earthsky
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Image Credit: Earthsky
ESA’s 2025 calendar: Best of Hubble and Webb
- The European Space Agency (ESA) has released a 2025 calendar showcasing beautiful imagery from Hubble and James Webb space telescopes.
- The 2025 calendar features a selection of images published in 2024, including shots of planets, star clusters, galaxies, and more.
- The calendar can now be accessed electronically for anyone to print, share and enjoy.
- Highlights of the calendar include Webb’s view of galaxy pair Arp 107, starburst galaxy NGC 5253, and September’s Omega Centauri star cluster.
- The Horsehead Nebula is captured by Hubble for February’s page.
- March features the two bright ‘eyes’ and semicircular ‘smile’ in the Webb image of this spiral galaxy.
- Hubble turned to favorite target of amateur astronomers, the Little Dumbbell Nebula, for its 34th anniversary in April.
- Among the many massive galaxies of the lensing galaxy cluster, Webb picked up an infant galaxy from just 460 million years after the Big Bang. It is visible in July thanks to strong gravitational lensing.
- November starts with the capture of four spiral galaxies from Hubble and ends with the Wonderful Westerlund 1 from Webb, and others.
- Get access to the free images to download via link.
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Earthsky
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Image Credit: Earthsky
EarthSky’s top photos from 2024: See them here!
- EarthSky's community captured amazing astronomical events in 2024, including spectacular comets, stunning auroras, and a total solar eclipse that passed over North America.
- Some of the most famous comets were Comet Pons-Brooks and Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS, which was visible to the unaided eye in October 2024.
- In August 2024, there was a Full Blue Supermoon, and the moon passed directly in front of the sun during the total solar eclipse in April.
- The sun achieved solar maximum in 2024, causing strong solar activity and sparking auroral storms on Earth on May 10 and October 10.
- Auroras were seen in areas that rarely experience them, including Chino Valley, Arizona, and Llangorse Lake in South Wales.
- The EarthSky community shared stunning images of deep-sky objects, with favorites being Andromeda galaxy in January 2024.
- The community also shared beautiful images of Earth, including a unique image of a hummingbird and storm captured by Christoph Stopka in Wet Mountain Valley, Colorado.
- The images were shared by community members from all over the globe, showcasing the beauty of the universe and inspiring other skywatchers.
- EarthSky's Community Photos provides an avenue for members to share their images of the sky with others and create a community bound by their passion and awe of the universe.
- The EarthSky Lunar Calendar for 2025 is now available to purchase and enjoy the beauty of some of these celestial events all year round.
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Knowridge
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Image Credit: Knowridge
Scientists discover first binary star near Milky Way’s supermassive black hole
- Scientists have discovered a binary star near the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy.
- This is the first time a binary star has been found in close proximity to a supermassive black hole.
- The discovery shows that binary stars can survive in extreme gravitational conditions.
- Scientists believe this finding could lead to the discovery of planets near black holes in the future.
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Livescience
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Image Credit: Livescience
Space photo of the week: James Webb and Chandra spot a cosmic 'Christmas Wreath' sparkling in the galaxy next door
- The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is a dwarf galaxy orbiting our Milky Way galaxy, perfect for studying how stars form.
- NGC 602 is a star cluster in the SMC that resembles a Christmas wreath, with hot, young blue stars born from the collapse of a gas cloud.
- The gas in the SMC contains fewer heavy elements than the Milky Way, making NGC 602 a valuable mimic of stars born billions of years ago.
- The image of NGC 602, captured by the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the James Webb Space Telescope, shows the life cycle of stars from formation to dispersal.
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Earthsky
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Image Credit: Earthsky
The Christmas Tree Cluster, a December delight
- The Christmas Tree Cluster, also known as the Cone Nebula and NGC 2264, is a region of space about 30 light-years across.
- Located in the direction of the constellation Monoceros the Unicorn, it is visible without optical aid but binoculars provide a better view.
- The cluster consists of sparking bluish-white stars surrounding a cone-shaped cloud of gas.
- Astronomers at ESO's La Silla Observatory captured a beautiful image of the Christmas Tree Cluster and the surrounding area.
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Universe Today
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Image Credit: Universe Today
NASA is Developing Solutions for Lunar Housekeeping’s Biggest Problem: Dust!
- NASA is developing technologies to mitigate the challenges that arise from the nature of the lunar environment, including the issue of lunar regolith (aka moondust).
- NASA is developing seven experiments to test during a flight test using a Blue Origin New Shepard rocket to evaluate their ability to mitigate lunar dust buildup.
- Lunar regolith is jagged, abrasive to any surface that it comes in contact with, ranging from spacesuits and equipment to human skin, eyes, and lungs.
- The fine grain nature of dust contains particles that are smaller than the human eye can see, making a contaminated surface appear to look clean.
- NASA’s Game Changing Development program within the agency’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) developed these technologies.
- The payload includes projects for mitigating and cleaning dust using multiple strategies.
- Learning some of the fundamental properties of how lunar dust behaves and how lunar dust impacts systems has implications far beyond dust mitigation and environments.
- The data obtained by these projects will allow mission planners and designers to develop better strategies for future missions to the Moon and Mars.
- The test flight and vehicle enhancements that will enable the simulation of lunar gravity are being funded through NASA’s Flight Opportunities program.
- These experiments will tackle the problem of moondust mitigation for future permanent lunar habitats
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Universe Today
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Image Credit: Universe Today
Where’s the Most Promising Place to Find Martian Life?
- New research suggests that the best place to find existing life on Mars is buried deep within the crust.
- A type of single-celled organisms called methanogens, which consume hydrogen and produce methane, could potentially thrive in Mars-like conditions.
- Researchers identified three Earth environments similar to Mars where methanogens thrive: deep in the crust, lakes under the Antarctic ice cap, and super-saline basins in the deep ocean.
- The most promising location for potential life on Mars is Acidalia Planitia, a plain in the northern hemisphere, several kilometers below the surface.
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Brighter Side of News
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Image Credit: Brighter Side of News
Scientists explain how the Earth and Moon actually formed
- Over 4.6 billion years ago, the early Earth emerged from a swirling disk of gas and dust encircling the young sun. This primordial material collided and coalesced, forming larger bodies through the relentless forces of gravity and impact. Among these collisions, one cataclysmic event would forever shape our planet and its closest celestial companion—the moon.
- Earth’s origins trace back to a turbulent solar system, where particles of dust and gas spiraled around the sun. These particles collided at different speeds, adhering to one another. Over time, they grew into larger bodies called planetesimals, spanning miles in diameter. These planetesimals, through continued collisions and gravitational pull, gave rise to protoplanets, including the early Earth.
- The moon’s origin remains one of the most debated topics in planetary science. The leading theory suggests that the moon formed during the aforementioned giant impact, involving a protoplanet named “Theia.”
- Samples brought back from Apollo missions and lunar meteorites reveal striking similarities between Earth and the moon. For instance, oxygen isotopes in both bodies are nearly identical, indicating a shared origin.
- Precise measurements of lunar samples by researchers at institutions like the University of Chicago have provided critical clues. These analyses, focusing on isotope ratios and mineral compositions, help reconstruct the sequence of events during the moon’s formation.
- After the moon-forming collision, Earth was a molten world, enveloped by a magma ocean hundreds of miles deep. The collision’s immense energy melted Earth’s surface, while its atmosphere consisted only of vaporized rock and gases. Plate tectonics, the movement of Earth’s crustal plates, emerged from this tumultuous period.
- Unlike Earth, the moon’s cooling crust formed a thick layer of feldspar, giving rise to the bright highlands visible today. In its infancy, the moon orbited much closer to Earth, just 14,000 miles away compared to today’s 250,000 miles.
- While the impact theory is widely accepted, many details remain uncertain. Future lunar missions may offer additional clues.
- As researchers piece together the story of Earth and its moon, they uncover fundamental truths about planetary formation.
- These insights extend beyond our solar system, guiding the search for habitable worlds and deepening our appreciation for the cosmic forces that shaped our home.
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