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Space News
Nasa
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Image Credit: Nasa
NASA, Notre Dame Connect Students to Inspire STEM Careers
- High school students in Indiana are collaborating with NASA's Glenn Research Center and the University of Notre Dame to contribute to research on developing quieter, more fuel-efficient aircraft engines.
- The collaboration aims to inspire students' interest in STEM careers.
- The students visited Notre Dame to witness the operation of the Advanced Noise Control Fan, a NASA-owned test rig for studying quieter aircraft engine technology.
- The students also used 3D printers to fabricate parts for the open rotor test fan.
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Nasa
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Image Credit: Nasa
NASA Flight Rerouting Tool Curbs Delays, Emissions
- NASA has developed a tool called Collaborative Digital Departure Rerouting to make flight departures more efficient, saving fuel and reducing delays.
- The tool suggests more efficient departure routes based on existing data about delays and presents them to airlines in real time for their consideration.
- Collaborative Digital Departure Rerouting is being tested at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport and Love Field Airport in Texas, with plans to expand to other major airports.
- NASA aims to transform the aviation industry for sustainability and efficiency, contributing to the goal of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
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Brighter Side of News
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Image Credit: Brighter Side of News
Astronomers discover what may have existed before the Big Bang
- Dark matter, which was first suggested in the 1930s as an explanation for unusual galactic motions, is still mostly a mystery to scientists. It may have existed before the Big Bang, and is thought to form approximately 85% of the universe's matter. Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) were considered prime candidates for dark matter, but their search so far has been fruitless. The Dark Big Bang theory, which suggests that dark matter arose from a second Big Bang that was separate to the conventional one, could provide necessary evidence of the nature of dark matter's distinct origin, according to researchers.
- The theory of the Dark Big Bang was proposed 10 years ago by Katherine Freese and Martin Winkler of the University of Texas at Austin. Their theory suggests that dark matter was generated by the decay of a quantum field trapped in a false vacuum state.
- The Dark Big Bang model suggested that the early universe consisted of two sectors. The visible sector, with familiar particles and forces, and a dark sector with cold and decoupled particles. Eventually the dark sector underwent a phase transition, producing dark particles governed by unique physical laws.
- The DBB theory can accommodate a wide range of dark matter particle masses – from as light as a few keV to as heavy as 1e12 GeV.
- The theory of a Dark Big Bang offers a fresh perspective on the early universe, as it challenges the commonly accepted theory that dark matter, and all other matter, including visible matter, originated from the same event.
- Cosmin Ilie and Richard Casey of Colgate University have further explored the Dark Big Bang theory, refining predictions which could soon be within reach of the next generation of pulsar timing array (PTA) observatories.
- The detection of gravitational waves generated by the Dark Big Bang could provide crucial evidence for this new theory of dark matter. It will be particularly useful in a scenario with low-frequency gravitational waves that could be detected by PTA experiments.
- Understanding dark matter goes beyond scientific knowledge as it is a quest to discover the fundamental nature of the universe. The DBB theory could aid in revealing the mystery of the universe.
- The DBB theory adds to the ever-growing arsenal of attempts by researchers to unveil the mystery behind dark matter. Projects like SKA, which are expected to come online in the next few years, will serve as important tools in the study of dark matter.
- Each discovery brings us closer to unveiling the full tapestry of existence.
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Earthsky
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Image Credit: Earthsky
2024 Ursid meteor shower: All you need to know
- The Ursid meteor shower radiates from the constellation Ursa Minor, the Lesser Bear, aka the Little Dipper.
- It peaks around the solstice, and in 2024, it is predicted to peak at 5:22 UTC on December 22.
- The best time to watch is before the moon rises on the evening of December 21.
- The Ursids offer perhaps 5-10 meteors per hour under ideal, dark sky conditions.
- The star Kochab, near the Ursids’ radiant point in the Little Dipper constellation, may be used as a guide for this meteor shower.
- Ursids have gained popularity in recent years because of previous outbursts, including bursts of 100 meteors per hour in 1945 and 1986.
- From the Southern Hemisphere, the Ursids may not be visible as the radiant point stays below the horizon.
- The Ursids’ parent comet, 8P/Tuttle, is the comet responsible for the Ursid meteor shower.
- A last quarter moon occurs at 22:18 UTC on December 22, which could interfere with the Ursids after midnight until dawn.
- To watch the meteor shower, viewers should find a country location, dress warmly, block out the moon and camp out to watch the Ursids.
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Earthsky
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Image Credit: Earthsky
Orion the Hunter, the most recognizable constellation
- Orion the Hunter is arguably the most recognizable constellation in the world.
- Orion lies on the celestial equator, making it visible from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
- In many drawings of the constellation Orion, the Hunter looks to be battling his neighbor, Taurus the Bull.
- The brightest star in Orion is the bluish Rigel, which marks his western knee or foot.
- The second brightest star in Orion is reddish-orange Betelgeuse, which marks one shoulder.
- The third brightest star of Orion, which marks his other shoulder, is Bellatrix.
- The stars in the Sword that hangs down from the Belt are part of the Orion Nebula (M42).
- Using magnification reveals a quadruple star at the center of the nebula.
- The famous Horsehead Nebula lies near the Belt star Alnitak.
- Orion the Hunter may be the most recognizable constellation in the world.
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Knowridge
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Image Credit: Knowridge
Violent volcanism reveals the moon is older than we thought
- New research suggests that the moon is older than previously estimated.
- The moon's history is marked by intense volcanic activity that melted its crust multiple times.
- The moon's violent volcanic activity reset its geological clock, leading to conflicting age estimates.
- The study provides a more complete understanding of the moon's formation and evolution.
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Livescience
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Image Credit: Livescience
Meteor strikes on the moon! Astronomer captures possible Geminid lunar impacts
- Astronomer Daichi Fujii has captured meteor impacts on the moon on Dec. 6, Dec. 7, and twice on Dec. 8, 2024.
- It is uncertain if these impacts are from the Geminid meteor shower or sporadic meteors.
- In 2010, 55% of lunar impacts were attributed to Geminid meteors.
- The flashes of the impacts occur due to the lack of atmosphere on the moon.
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Earthsky
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Image Credit: Earthsky
Personal solstices: Photos from the EarthSky community
- Rob Ratkowski took an all-sky view from Haleakala Observatory in Hawaii, showing the path of the sun across the sky at the solstices and equinoxes.
- Doug Pederson in Minneapolis, Minnesota, captured a scene of a solstice s'mores party in his neighborhood.
- Rick Williams of Woodland, California, marked the reflection of the sun on his wall, creating an analemma over the course of a year.
- Laurel Sherrie painted a coastal scene at Point Buchon Trail in California on the winter solstice.
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Earthsky
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Image Credit: Earthsky
Solstices and equinoxes in a video from space
- The December solstice (winter for the Northern Hemisphere, summer for the Southern Hemisphere) will take place at 9:21 UTC on December 21, 2024.
- The March equinox (start of spring for the Northern Hemisphere, autumn for the Southern Hemisphere) takes place at 9:01 UTC, March 20, 2025.
- Earth's seasons result from our planet's tilt on its axis with respect to our orbit around the sun.
- A video from NASA shows how sunlight falls on Earth's surface during the solstices and equinoxes, as seen by the weather satellite Meteosat-9 in 2010 and 2011.
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Nasa
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Image Credit: Nasa
Sols 4398-4401: Holidays Ahead, Rocks Under the Wheels
- Curiosity Rover plans for a long semi-rest for the holidays. The rover successfully navigates tough Martian terrain typically, but one of the wheels had issues while driving on Sol 4398.
- After 14 meters of a planned long drive, the rover stopped. One of its wheels had caught a low spot between two rocks.
- Since Curiosity is in a position where it can only communicate directly with Earth in limited ways, the rover drivers had to forego arm movements that impact the rover's weight and can make it move.
- To ensure no damage happens over the holidays, the rover team focused on remote observations only.
- ChemCam and Mastcam take images of multiple targets.
- The Curiosity Rover will execute planned autonomous investigations while Earth-based scientists take a break.
- Curiosity's soil scoop features boxwork structures for the first time and the team is excited to investigate.
- The rover's navigation camera acquires image Sol 4396 showing the Martian terrain's difficulty.
- The image shows rocks embedded in the sand that made it challenging for the rover to traverse.
- The rover can only communicate directly with Earth in limited ways, so the team keeps probably dangerous arm stowed.
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Universe Today
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Image Credit: Universe Today
Star Devouring Black Hole Spotted by Astronomers
- Astronomers have detected a fast and bright burst of energy from a galaxy 500 million light years away.
- The burst of radiation was identified as a small black hole consuming a star.
- The discovery provides insight into stellar evolution and a rare cosmic phenomenon.
- The observations were made using the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey and the Gran Telescopio Canarias.
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Medium
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Image Credit: Medium
Achieving $2,000 in a Month with AI Tools
- The Xmas BundleApps – Biggest Bundle of AI Apps In 2025 is a comprehensive suite of 15 AI tools that can enhance productivity and boost revenue potential.
- Users have reported significant financial gains, with one user making over $2,000 in their first month through increased engagement and sales.
- The package includes tools for creating 4K AI videos, animated videos, eBooks, and more, catering to both beginners and seasoned marketers.
- With a 30-day money-back guarantee and detailed training guides, the Xmas BundleApps offers a risk-free opportunity to enhance marketing efforts and achieve financial goals.
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Knowridge
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Image Credit: Knowridge
Astronomers discover new class of cosmic X-ray sources
- Astronomers have discovered a new class of cosmic X-ray sources called “millinovae”.
- These millinovae were found in nearby galaxies and showed long-lasting outbursts.
- The discovery was made by analyzing data from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE), a survey run by the University of Warsaw.
- Millinovae are thought to be binary star systems where a white dwarf and a subgiant star orbit closely, allowing material from the subgiant to flow onto the white dwarf.
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Universe Today
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Image Credit: Universe Today
What Makes Brown Dwarfs So Weird?
- Brown dwarfs are a unique category of celestial objects, bigger than planets but smaller than stars.
- They are not actually brown; the largest ones emit a steady glow of radiation and resemble red dwarfs.
- Unlike stars, brown dwarfs do not generate energy through nuclear fusion for long; they emit radiation from the leftover heat of their formation.
- While they cannot sustain hydrogen fusion in their cores like stars, they can engage in a brief fusion reaction involving deuterium.
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Nasa
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Image Credit: Nasa
NASA Cameras to Capture Interaction Between Blue Ghost, Moon’s Surface
- NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia is launching Stereo Cameras for Lunar Plume-Surface Studies (SCALPSS), an array of cameras placed around the base of a lunar lander to collect imagery during and after descent and touchdown.
- The researchers at Langley will use the overlapping images from the version of SCALPSS on Firefly's Blue Ghost — SCALPSS 1.1 — to produce a 3D view of the surface.
- With limited data collected during descent and landing to date, SCALPSS will be the first dedicated instrument to measure the effects of plume-surface interaction on the Moon in real time and help to answer these questions.
- Under the Artemis campaign, the agency’s current lunar exploration approach, NASA is collaborating with commercial and international partners to establish the first long-term presence on the Moon.
- On this CLPS initiative delivery carrying over 200 pounds of NASA science experiments and technology demonstrations, SCALPSS 1.1 will begin capturing imagery from before the time the lander’s plume begins interacting with the surface until after the landing is complete.
- The final images will be gathered on a small onboard data storage unit before being sent to the lander for downlink back to Earth.
- The expected lander-induced erosion they reveal probably won’t be very deep - not this time, anyway.
- The SCALPSS 1.1 project is funded by the Space Technology Mission Directorate’s Game Changing Development Program.
- SCALPSS will work as the U.S. advances human landing systems as part of NASA’s plans to explore more of the lunar surface.
- NASA is working with several American companies to deliver science and technology to the lunar surface under the CLPS initiative.
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