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Bioengineer
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Vertical atmospheric measurements and simulations demonstrate important contribution of combustion-related ammonium during haze pollution in Beijing
- Recent research explores the important contribution of combustion-related ammonium during haze pollution in Beijing.
- The study examines the source of ammonium in PM2.5 at different heights of the atmospheric boundary layer in Beijing.
- Combustion-related ammonia is found to be crucial to ammonium in PM2.5 during winter haze pollution.
- Reducing the emission of multiple pollutants simultaneously demonstrates a more significant effect on reducing PM2.5.
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Bioengineer
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Rock steady: Study reveals new mechanism to explain how continents stabilized
- A new mechanism proposed by Penn State scientists may explain how the cratons formed some 3 billion years ago, an enduring question in the study of Earth’s history.
- The exposure of fresh rock to wind and rain about 3 billion years ago triggered a series of geological processes that ultimately stabilized the crust.
- The scientists reported today (May 8) in the journal Nature that the continents may not have emerged from Earth’s oceans as stable landmasses, the hallmark of which is an upper crust enriched in granite.
- The findings may represent a new understanding of how potentially habitable, Earth-like planets evolve.
- Weathering may have ultimately concentrated heat-producing elements like uranium, thorium and potassium in the shallow crust, allowing the deeper crust to cool and harden.
- Collisions between tectonic plates buried these sedimentary rocks deep in the Earth’s crust where radiogenic heat released by the shale triggered melting of the lower crust.
- Cratons are believed to have formed between 3 and 2.5 billion years ago.
- The researchers analyzed uranium, thorium and potassium concentrations from hundreds of samples of rocks from the Archean period.
- These metamorphosed sedimentary rocks that have melted and produced granites that concentrate uranium and thorium are like black box flight recorders.
- Penn State and the U.S. National Science Foundation provided funding for this work.
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Bioengineer
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Keck Medicine of USC earns ‘LGBTQ+ Healthcare Equality Leader’ 2024 designation
- Keck Medicine of USC hospitals and USC Student Health received the 'LGBTQ+ Healthcare Equality Leader' designation in the Human Rights Campaign Foundation's 2024 Healthcare Equality Index (HEI).
- The HEI is a benchmarking survey that examines health care facilities' policies and practices for LGBTQ+ patients, visitors, and employees.
- Out of 1,065 participating health care facilities, only 36% earned the 'LGBTQ+ Healthcare Equality Leader' designation.
- Keck Medicine demonstrates commitment to inclusivity through initiatives like the USC Gender Affirming Care Program, collaboration with The TransLatin@ Coalition, and support for the Latino Equality Alliance LGBTQ+ Youth College Scholarship Program.
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Bioengineer
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The interference of many atoms, and a new approach to boson sampling
- Physicists at JILA, NIST and University of Colorado Boulder have demonstrated a method of boson sampling using ultracold atoms.
- This implementation is considered to be a significant leap beyond what has been achieved before with photons.
- This ground-breaking experiment opens new approaches for studying the behavior of quantum materials.
- The researchers deployed an innovative approach to solve the same problem that is currently generating excitement in quantum computing.
- Advanced cooling methods and optical tweezers that can move individual atoms were used to prepare specific patterns of up to 180 strontium atoms in a 1,000-site lattice.
- This experiment marks a step towards applying tweezer paradigm to large-scale Hubbard systems, where particles can both interact and tunnel.
- The high quality and programmable preparation, evolution, and detection of atoms demonstrated in this work can be applied in the situation where the atoms interact.
- Sampled atoms at various scales were used to corroborate the high fidelity of the sample preparation evolutionary process in comparison to previous boson sampling demonstrations.
- This implementation is expected to open avenues to many exciting experiments in applying advanced tools to large scale systems of many interacting particles.
- This technique will help to study the behavior of many body system where particles can both interact and tunnel quantum mechanically spreading out in space.
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Bioengineer
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Scientists find ancient, endangered lamprey fish in Queensland, 1400 km north of its previous known range
- Scientists have discovered ancient and endangered lamprey fish, known as the Australian brook lamprey (Mordacia praecox), in Queensland, 1400 km north of its previously known range.
- The Australian brook lamprey is a non-parasitic species that doesn't feed during its adult phase.
- Previously believed to only exist in a few streams near the NSW/Victoria border, the species has now been found in Queensland, including as far north as Rockhampton.
- Conservation efforts face challenges as the Australian brook lamprey is difficult to identify and faces threats from sedimentation, wildfires, and human developments.
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Bioengineer
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Study pinpoints cellular response to pressure in sea star embryos
- Scientists have discovered a new cellular mechanism that helps cells adapt to pressure changes during tissue growth by packing themselves into a unique shape, called a scutoid.
- Researchers led by UC San Diego, Stanford University and the Institute of Biomedicine in Seville used sea star embryos as model organisms for their experiments.
- Epithelial cells adopt a scutoid shape in response to pressure from neighboring cells that are also proliferating in a compact tissue to accommodate newly formed cells.
- The study is the first to show epithelial cell packing and cell division in live movies, according to Deirdre Lyons, a study co-author and marine biologist at Scripps Oceanography.
- The researchers used CartoCell, a novel image analysis technology for processing 3D images, to analyze the starfish embryos' live images.
- The study's findings have implications for understanding how healthy cells could adapt to pressure exerted by tumor cells that grow uncontrollably.
- Sea star embryos are ideal for understanding how cells organize into an epithelial layer, which creates a protective barrier separating external surfaces from internal cavities in adult animals.
- Sea star embryos develop in seawater, making them fairly transparent and easy to image on a high-resolution microscope.
- The study was funded by the Human Frontier Science Program, the National Institutes of Health, and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
- The study could help in understanding the changes that occur in tissues that are compressed, whether because of normal processes or disease related situations.
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Bioengineer
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Solid-state reaction among multiphase multicomponent ceramic enhances ablation performance
- Researchers have discovered a solid-state reaction process that occurs among multiphase multicomponent ceramic during ablation.
- The study focused on a three-phase multicomponent ceramic consisting of Hf-rich carbide, Nb-rich carbide, and Zr-rich silicide phases.
- The solid-state reaction occurs in the matrix/oxide scale interface region, leading to composition evolution and improved thermodynamic stability.
- The findings suggest that multiphase design allows for better ablation performance and may aid in the future development of multiphase multicomponent UHTCs.
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Bioengineer
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FAU researchers receive $1M in FDOH grants to fight Alzheimer’s disease
- Three Florida Atlantic University researchers have received a $350,000 grant each to advance research, treatment, care management, and care prevention relating to Alzheimer's disease.
- Florida has the second-highest incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease in the US, with over 580,000 people 65 or older having it.
- The state's Ed and Ethel Moore Alzheimer’s Disease Research Program will support Mare Cudic, Ruth Tappen, and Qi Zhang in their research aimed at understanding, detecting, and fighting the disease.
- Cudic’s research seeks to explore the connection between glycosylation and neuroinflammation in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's by exposing the link between protein glycosylation and a multitude of biological functions.
- Tappen’s project proposes developing and testing a swift test that can evaluate the abilities of older drivers who are experiencing cognitive decline.
- The third grant winner, Qi Zhang, will work on brain cholesterol and how dysregulation could lead to dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
- Zhang and his team will work on developing new imaging methods for mouse models and harnessing the power of multi-omics to gain insight into how brain cholesterol plays a role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies.
- These grants are aimed at advancing research towards improving the quality of life for individuals with cognitive impairment and lessening the burden for their caregivers.
- The grants are part of Florida’s efforts to meet the increasing rise of Alzheimer's cases in the state.
- More than 720,000 Floridians are predicted to have Alzheimer's by 2025.
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Bioengineer
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Swarms of miniature robots clean up microplastics and microbes, simultaneously (video)
- Researchers have developed swarms of microscale robots that can capture microplastics and bacteria from water.
- The microscale robots are made up of positively charged polymer strands linked to magnetic microparticles.
- When exposed to a rotating magnetic field, the robots swarm together, attracting and capturing microplastics and bacteria.
- The robots can be decontaminated and reused, providing a promising approach to clean up water from plastic and bacteria.
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Medium
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In Vivo Toxicology Market Is Expected To Exhibit Significant Growth Over 2031
- The in vivo toxicology market is expected to exhibit significant growth over the forecast period.
- Market players are adopting various strategies like mergers & acquisitions, collaborations, funding, and new product launches to stay competitive.
- Danaher Corp. acquired the life sciences division of General Electric Co. named Cytiva in March 2020.
- The market is segmented by type, toxicity end point, and region, including North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Rest of the World.
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Medium
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Healthcare Biometrics Market Is Expected To Exhibit Significant Growth Over 2031
- The healthcare biometrics market is expected to exhibit significant growth over the forecast period.
- Government initiatives supporting the adoption of biometrics in healthcare are driving the demand for healthcare biometrics globally.
- Key market players in the healthcare biometrics market include NEC Corp, IDEMIA, Suprema Inc., Cross Match Holdings, Inc, Fujitsu, Ltd., and BIO-Key International, Inc.
- The global healthcare biometrics market is segmented by solution, application, and end-user, and is further divided into regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Rest of the World.
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Bioengineer
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An AI leap into chemical synthesis
- Researchers at EPFL have developed ChemCrow, an AI tool that integrates 18 specialized tools to perform chemical research tasks efficiently.
- ChemCrow is based on a large language model (LLMs), such as GPT-4, enhanced by LangChain for tool integration.
- The AI can autonomously plan and execute chemical syntheses, assist in discovering new substances, and improve efficiency and safety in research and development.
- By democratizing access to complex chemical knowledge and processes, ChemCrow aims to accelerate advancements in pharmaceuticals, materials science, and more.
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Bioengineer
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Limited adaptability makes freshwater bacteria vulnerable to climate change
- Freshwater bacteria with small genomes often experience extended periods of adaptive standstill, challenging the expectation of microbial adaptability to changing environmental conditions.
- Bacteria in abundant freshwater lakes show limited genetic diversity in proteins involved in adaptation, indicating a phase of adaptive stagnation.
- These bacteria may have already reached optimal protein structures and activity levels, limiting their ability to explore new genetic variation and adapt to dynamic environments.
- Understanding the limitations of bacterial adaptability is crucial for ecosystem resilience and sustainable resource management in the face of climate change.
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Medium
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Revolutionizing Emergency Medical Care: The Defibrillators Market Poised for Significant Growth
- The global Defibrillators Market size is projected to reach USD 13.25 billion by 2030, with a CAGR of 3.1% from 2024 to 2030.
- The market is witnessing unprecedented growth, fueled by rising incidences of cardiovascular diseases and a heightened emphasis on public access to life-saving medical devices.
- North America is anticipated to hold the lion share of the market due to increasing incidences of deaths and diseases caused by cardiac complications.
- Major players in the market include Asahi Kasei, Stryker, Boston Scientific, Philips, LivaNova, Medtronic, Cardiac Science, and Nihon Kohden America.
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Medium
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Transforming Cancer Treatment: The Rise of Gene Therapy in Oncology
- The global Cancer Gene Therapy Market is predicted to reach $558.24 Billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 32.6% from 2024–2030.
- Recent market analysis indicates robust growth driven by ongoing research within the cancer gene therapy market.
- The major market players in the cancer gene therapy market include bluebird bio, Merck Group, Adaptimmune, GSK, SynerGene Therapeutics, Celgene, and SunWay Biotech Co., LTD.
- Cancer gene therapy represents a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, offering new hope for patients and caregivers through precision medicine.
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