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Laser printing on fallen tree leaves produces sensors for medical and laboratory use
- Researchers in Brazil have developed a method to print electrochemical sensors on fallen tree leaves using a CO2 laser.
- The process involves burning the leaves to convert cellulose into graphite, which is then printed on the leaf to create a sensor.
- The fabricated sensors showed promising results in detecting dopamine and paracetamol in biological and pharmaceutical samples.
- This innovative technique offers a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable method for sensor fabrication.
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Veterinary educator receives national award
- India Lane has won the 2024 Billy E. Hooper Award for Distinguished Service for her contribution to academic veterinary medicine.
- Lane is associate dean for academic and student affairs at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine (UTCVM)
- Throughout her career, Lane has emphasized the importance of professional and non-technical skills in veterinary student curricula.
- She is co-founder of the Master Teacher Program, which promotes veterinary educator development and has become a model for veterinary programs internationally.
- Lane's work has also focused on improving the clinical training environment for veterinary students.
- She has contributed heavily to the early implementation of competency-based clinical performance assessment at UTCVM.
- Lane has also worked on promoting inclusion and placed more of an emphasis on communication skills, self-care and mental health issues.
- Her work has led to more than 100 publications and book chapters and prestigious editorial positions with the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education.
- Dr. Lane was named a Founding Distinguished Expert for the international Academy of Veterinary Educators (AVE) in 2023
- Lane earned her DVM at University of Georgia and then completed an internship at Texas A&M University, as well as a residency in small animal medicine and a Master of Science degree at Colorado State University.
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Association between neighborhood deprivation and DNA methylation in an autopsy cohort
- A new study has found a significant association between neighborhood deprivation and DNA methylation in brain tissue.
- Living in disadvantaged neighborhoods may impact inflammation and immune response in the body.
- The study identified one CpG site (cg26514961, PLXNC1 gene) that was significantly associated with neighborhood deprivation.
- The concordance between brain tissue and easily accessible tissues could make these CpG sites potential biomarkers.
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The beginning of becoming a human
- Debates on when human life begins have been limited by the state of technology.
- A new review paper titled 'The beginning of becoming a human' poses the question of when organismal life begins.
- The 14-day stage of embryogenesis is a foundational time point for a developing human and marks the boundary between rejuvenation and aging.
- The paper explores different levels of life organization and their emergence during human development.
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Ensuring data security in biotechnology: strategies and challenges
- BGI Genomics actively maintains certifications like ISO/IEC 27001 and BS 10012 to ensure data security in biotechnology.
- ISO/IEC 27001 and BS 10012 help protect financial data, intellectual property, and personal details.
- Comprehensive audits ensure BGI Genomics' ongoing commitment to excellence and security.
- Certifications foster enhanced trust with clients and partners.
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An entirely new COVID-related syndrome
- Researchers from the University of California San Diego School of Medicine and the University of Leeds have discovered a new COVID-related syndrome called MDA5-autoimmunity and Interstitial Pneumonitis Contemporaneous with COVID-19 (MIP-C).
- MDA5 is an RNA-sensing enzyme whose functions include detecting COVID-19 and other RNA viruses. A total of 25 patients from the group of 60 developed lung scarring, also known as interstitial lung disease.
- The UC San Diego team explored the data with the Boolean Network Explorer (BoNE) and established that patients who showed the highest level of MDA5 response also displayed high levels of interleukin-15. This cytokine can cause two major immune cell types, contribute to fibrosis of the lung and lead to high death rates.
- By right of discovery, the group was able to give the condition a name: MDA5-autoimmunity and Interstitial Pneumonitis Contemporaneous with COVID-19 [MIP-C].
- This research was supported in part by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, and the National Institutes for Health (NIH) grant R01-AI155696 and pilot awards from the University of California.
- Reports of MIP-C symptoms are coming from all over the world. Ghosh said she hopes the team’s identification of interleukin-15 as a causative link will jump-start research into treatment.
- The study began with the Leeds lab’s detection of autoantibodies to MDA5 in patients with severe lung scarring, some of whom presented rheumatologic symptoms. Finding this ‘explosive trend of cases in Caucasians’ was worrying, said Pradipta Ghosh, director of UC San Diego's Institute for Network Medicine.
- The institutes used the NHS centralized health care database with comprehensive medical records for a large population to analyze patients who developed lung problems and found that this disease was different in behavior and rate of progression — and in the number of deaths — to other MDA5 autoimmune diseases.
- The researchers pinpointed a specific single nucleotide polymorphism that offered protection and hope for treatment. The discovery of interleukin-15 as a causative link may help start research into treatment.
- It was added that it is extremely unlikely that MIP-C is confined to the United Kingdom.
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University of Houston project selected to join $10 million effort to innovate biopharmaceutical manufacturing
- The University of Houston is part of a $10 million effort from the National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals (NIIMBL) to address opportunities for innovation in biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
- Richard Willson, a professor at the University of Houston, has been selected for funding by NIIMBL for his project on a new mix-and-read antibody measurement system.
- The project aims to develop a fluorescent material that can determine the concentration of antibodies in a sample, which is crucial in the manufacturing process of medical treatments using antibodies.
- The project team includes researchers from the University of Houston, Genentech, Agilent, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, with a total funding of $200,000.
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Keck Medicine of USC launches institute to promote excellence in nursing
- Keck Medicine of USC has launched the USC Nursing Institute to promote education, leadership development, clinical expertise, and research among nurses.
- The institute will support nurses across the health system’s four hospitals and more than 100 clinic locations to ensure nurses have access to the tools, education, and training to provide exceptional patient care, facilitate collaboration, and encourage career growth and leadership opportunities.
- In the first year, the USC Nursing Institute will focus on supporting nurse-driven clinical and scientific research, as well as provide opportunities for nurses to advance their academic degrees, certifications, and specialty training.
- The institute will supplement already prestigious Keck Medicine nursing services, including achieving redesignation from the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s (ANCC) Magnet Recognition program and receiving accolades for exceptional performance in leadership, practice, education, and research.
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Rensselaer researcher finds that users seek out echo chambers on social media
- Research conducted by Boleslaw Szymanski and his team at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute reveals that users on social media platforms seek out echo chambers.
- The research analyzed data from Parler and Twitter, finding that users' views shifted towards popular opinion and they migrated away from the platforms if their views didn't align.
- Dropout rates on social media platforms are significantly higher compared to universities, affecting popular opinion and the influence of social media on political discourse.
- The study emphasizes the importance of tempering the drawbacks of social media while amplifying its benefits to combat social divisiveness caused by echo chambers.
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New stem cell research may have implications for liver transplantation
- Liver disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and liver transplantation is a life-saving option for patients with end-stage liver disease.
- However, there are limitations to liver transplantation due to donor shortage and the invasive nature of the procedure.
- Researchers have explored the use of interspecies blastocyst complementation to grow transplantable human liver cells or organs in a different animal species.
- A recent study injected mouse embryonic stem cells into rat embryos, resulting in mouse-rat chimeras with functional mouse liver cells.
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New study reveals how gender affects liver transplant success in cancer patients
- A recent study conducted on a large scale involving more than 3,700 HCC patients from various regions of China reveals the impact of sex on the outcomes of liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma.
- The study indicates that female recipients experience significantly better post-transplant outcomes as compared to their male counterparts, potentially leading to a shift in the organ allocation process for LT.
- The study also suggests that considering sex as a vital factor in post-transplant success, transplant centers might improve outcomes by adjusting allocation strategies if deemed necessary.
- Moreover, the study underscores the importance of considering sex when evaluating post-transplant survival and making organ allocation decisions.
- Recent research suggests that female patients may fare better after transplant, indicating a potential need to reassess organ allocation practices for greater fairness and improved care.
- Interestingly, this survival advantage did not appear to be influenced by the donor’s sex, suggesting that the recipient’s sex, rather than the donor’s, is crucial.
- The study's findings may prompt a re-evaluation of organ allocation practices to improve transplant success and equity.
- Considering the evidence, transplant centers should account for recipient sex while allocating organs and may further study the male-to-male donor-recipient pattern to understand its effect on post-transplant survival.
- This study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting personalized medicine, where individual factors like sex are key to medical decisions.
- The findings of the study are significant for liver transplant practices, and the results point to a survival advantage for female recipients, suggesting that organ allocation should account for recipient sex.
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New cells could be key to treating obesity
- Scientists have identified a population of cells in human omental adipose tissue that hinders adipogenesis, which may explain its limited ability to form new fat cells.
- These cells, called mesothelial cells, have the ability to transition to mesenchymal-like cells, which can inhibit adipogenesis.
- The mesenchymal-like properties of these cells allow them to modulate the microenvironment and limit the expansion of adipose tissue.
- The discovery has significant implications for obesity management and could lead to targeted therapies for specific fat depots.
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New Rhizobia-diatom symbiosis solves long-standing marine mystery
- Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen, Germany, now report that Rhizobia can also form similar partnerships with tiny marine plants called diatoms – a discovery that solves a long-standing marine mystery and which has potentially far-reaching agricultural applications.
- In 2020, the scientists travelled from Bremen to the tropical North Atlantic to join an expedition involving two German research vessels. It took them the next three years to finally puzzle together its genome.
- The first known symbiosis of this kind: ‘We were finding sets of four Rhizobia, always sitting in the same spot inside the diatoms’, says Kuypers, ‘It was very exciting as this is the first known symbiosis between a diatom and a non-cyanobacterial nitrogen fixer’.
- Having finally worked out the identity of the missing nitrogen fixer, they focused their attention on working out how the bacteria and diatom live in partnership.
- The Rhizobia exchanges fixed nitrogen with the diatom in return for carbon. In order to support the diatom’s growth, the bacterium fixes 100-fold more nitrogen than it needs for itself.
- These tiny organisms are likely major players in total oceanic nitrogen fixation, and therefore play a crucial role in sustaining marine productivity and the global oceanic uptake of carbon dioxide.
- The discovery of the symbiosis hints at other exciting opportunities in the future. The small size and organelle-like nature of the marine Rhizobiales means that it might be a key candidate to engineer nitrogen-fixing plants someday.
- The scientists will now continue to study the newly discovered symbiosis and see if more like it also exist in the oceans.
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AI advancements make the leap into 3D pathology possible
- Researchers have developed Tripath, a deep learning model that uses 3D pathology datasets to make clinical outcome predictions.
- Tripath outperformed pathologists and other deep learning models that rely on 2D morphology and thin tissue slices.
- The approach needs further validation in larger datasets before it can be used clinically, but shows potential to inform clinical decision making.
- The study highlights the importance of comprehensively analyzing the whole volume of a tissue sample for accurate risk prediction.
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Deep learning empowers reconfigurable intelligent surface in terahertz communication
- A team of researchers from Beijing Institute of Technology has introduced a physical signal processing method that utilizes deep learning to enhance reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in terahertz communication.
- Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces passively reflect electromagnetic signals in desired directions by adjusting phase and amplitude, offering advantages in indoor environments with complex signal propagation.
- The researchers developed two methods: SFDCExtra for channel extrapolation and HBFRPD for hybrid beamforming and refraction phase design.
- The methods were evaluated through simulations, showcasing improved channel estimation and robustness against imperfect channel state information in terahertz communication systems.
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