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Bioengineer
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Discover optimal conditions for mass production of ultraviolet holograms
- Researchers at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) conducted a quantitative analysis to determine the ideal printing material for ultraviolet metasurfaces.
- Metasurfaces are ultra-thin optical devices with the ability to control light at nanometer thickness, making them crucial for next-generation displays, imaging, and biosensing.
- The researchers explored using nanocomposites, specifically zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) integrated with different solvents, to enhance the refractive index and efficiency of UV metaholograms.
- They found that an 80% concentration of ZrO2 yielded the highest pattern transfer efficiency, achieving impressive conversion efficiency in the ultraviolet spectrum.
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Bioengineer
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New findings could help battle disease plaguing agriculture industry
- Researchers at the University of Delaware have discovered the key factors that contribute to wooden breast syndrome in chickens.
- The disease affects up to 5% of flocks in the United States and is estimated to cost the poultry industry at least $200m per year.
- Wooden breast syndrome causes muscular degeneration in the birds, affecting meat quality.
- The study found white blood cells filled with fat, called lipid-laden macrophages, close to chickens’ veins were cells responsible for altering the breakdown and storage of fats at the onset of wooden breast syndrome.
- This new finding sheds light on a previously unknown aspect of the disease and will help to advance further studies efforts towards finding a cure.
- The research also identified potential biomarkers for diagnosis and indicated that genes in individual cell types are important to understand the syndrome fully.
- Chickens with wooden breast syndrome also suffer from lesions and ulcers, and have difficulty breathing.
- The findings could have implications for understanding human diseases and could open up a new path to research molecular clues to obesity.
- The aim of the study was to better understand a disease that has been puzzling the agricultural industry for some time.
- The researchers hope that by identifying the leading cause of wooden breast syndrome, they can work towards a solution to minimize the disease's impact on poultry.
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Bioengineer
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Unprecedented deep oxidative desulfurization with precisely designed Ti sites
- Researchers at Wuhan University of Technology have developed a material with unprecedented oxidative desulfurization properties.
- The catalyst, synthesized by Dr. Shen Yu, demonstrated highly efficient removal of thiophenic sulfurs in minutes.
- The team discovered novel hexa-coordinated Ti (TiO6) sites on the surface of mesopores, which were attributed to the catalyst's superior performance.
- The findings open up possibilities for designing highly active catalytic centers for interface catalysis.
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Bioengineer
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HKU astrophysicists discover a novel method for hunting the first stars
- Scientists at HKU have discovered a new method for detecting the extremely hot, short-lived first generation of stars, Pop III, using tidal disruption events (TDE).
- The scientists have found that the unique signatures of Pop III TDE flares can be used to identify the existence of Pop III stars and gain insights into their properties.
- TDE flares can shine across billions of light-years to reach us today, and the unique wavelength signature of the photons identified will prove the event was caused by the destruction of a Pop III star.
- Technological developments from the recently launched James Web Space Telescope and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope have enabled the detection of infrared emissions from these distant TDE flares, thus significantly increasing the potential for identifying the source of Pop III stars.
- The study highlights how the next decade presents significant potential for identifying Pop III stars and leading to exciting revelations about the universe’s inception.
- The research paper of the project states that Roman’s unique capabilities make it a promising probe for detecting these Pop III TDE flares, which would in turn serve as an indirect discovery of Pop III stars.
- The next decade presents significant potential for identifying these distinct sources, leading to exciting revelations about Pop III stars and unraveling the mysteries of the universe’s inception.
- Pop III stars were the first factories to synthesise most elements heavier than hydrogen and helium around us today. They were very important for forming later generations of stars and galaxies.
- Pop III stars are the first stars composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, which began to form shortly after the Universe began with the Big Bang.
- The tidal disruption event (TDE) is caused by a Pop III star wandering into the vicinity of a massive black hole and subsequently being torn up into pieces.
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Bioengineer
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Not in the countryside please! Resident perceptions of the ring-necked parakeet in the UK
- A study reveals UK residents' perceptions of the ring-necked parakeet, an introduced species prevalent in urban and rural settings.
- Key findings show high awareness (90.2%) of the parakeet among participants.
- There is a preference for parakeets in urban areas, while resistance is stronger in rural areas.
- Concerns include competition with native species and potential impacts on local ecosystems.
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Bioengineer
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Sylvester Cancer launches new brain tumor institute to personalize brain cancer treatment
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine announced establishment of a new institute to elevate brain cancer care and research in South Florida and beyond.
- The Sylvester Brain Tumor Institute will focus on personalized medicine approaches for treating all patients with brain tumors, including those with the most aggressive types of brain tumors, such as glioblastoma.
- It will feature a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and research, bringing together experts in many areas of this field to collaborate on developing more targeted, personalized care for brain cancer patients.
- Leaders plan to eventually expand the scope beyond glioblastoma to other types of adult and pediatric brain cancers.
- The institute's leadership will include Macarena de la Fuente, M.D., co-director of Clinical Neuro-Oncology, who is also chief of Sylvester's Neuro-Oncology Division and an associate professor of neurology at UM/Miller.
- To work toward new personalized treatments for glioblastoma patients, the SBTI researchers will take a multi-disciplinary approach that entails creating unique laboratory models of each patient’s tumor.
- The scientists hope to offer patients precision treatments based directly on these studies; in the near term, the studies inform treatment recommendations using already-approved drugs and lead to new clinical trials for newly discovered kinds of treatments.
- Additionally, institute researchers will look for biomarkers in the lab models that may predict how patients will respond to certain treatments.
- Identifying enough biomarkers could result in more rapid development of personalized care for brain cancer.
- The launch of new Sylvester Brain Tumor Institute represents the culmination of years of work by Sylvester researchers and physicians.
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Bioengineer
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Scientists uncover quantum-inspired vulnerabilities in neural networks: the role of conjugate variables in system attacks
- Scientists have uncovered quantum-inspired vulnerabilities in neural networks.
- A study by Dr. Jun-Jie Zhang and Prof. Deyu Meng explores the susceptibility of neural networks to targeted attacks.
- The researchers draw a parallel between neural network vulnerabilities and the uncertainty principle in physics.
- The findings highlight the need for better understanding and fortification of neural network security.
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Bioengineer
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PolyU researchers create 2D all-organic perovskites and demonstrate potential use in 2D electronics
- A research team led by Prof. LOH Kian Ping from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has synthesised all-organic two-dimensional perovskites.
- This discovery opens up the new field of 2D all-organic perovskites, which holds promise for both fundamental science and potential applications.
- Perovskites possess the ability to be finely tuned by adjusting the A and B cations as well as the X anion, paving the way for the development of high-performance materials.
- Traditionally, researchers face challenges in the synthesis of all-organic 3D perovskites due to the restricted selection of organic molecules that can fit the crystal structure.
- Prof. Loh and his team proposed an innovative approach: synthesising all-organic perovskites in the form of 2D layers instead of 3D crystals.
- Using solution-phase chemistry, the team developed a new general class of layered organic perovskites called the “Choi-Loh-v phase” (CL-v).
- These molecularly thin 2D organic perovskites are fundamentally different from traditional 3D minerals, they are single crystalline in two dimensions and can be exfoliated as hexagonal flakes just a few nanometres thick – 20,000 times thinner than a human hair.
- The Poly U team conducted measurements on the dielectric constants of the CL-v phase, yielding values ranging from 4.8 to 5.5.
- This discovery establishes a promising avenue for incorporating CL-v phase as a dielectric layer in 2D electronic devices.
- Prof. Loh’s research not only establishes an entirely new class of all-organic perovskites but also demonstrates how they can be solution-processed in conjunction with advanced fabrication technique to enhance the performance of 2D electronic devices.
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Bioengineer
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Jacinda Ardern’s foreign policy at a time of global disruption
- Jacinda Ardern's foreign policy was characterised by continuity and change when her government inherited it. Her compassionate response to the Christchurch terrorist attack and her administration's COVID-19 response established her reputation as an international leader.
- This book examines the foreign policy of Jacinda Ardern's New Zealand government between 2020 and early 2023, a period where the pandemic intersected with a tumultuous global environment.
- This interdisciplinary volume features contributions from academics, policymakers and practitioners, proving essential reading on how small states such as New Zealand can manage foreign policy challenges in an increasingly complex system of international relations.
- Ardern's leadership aimed to avoid the narrow range of choices said to confront small states who have to manage complex relationships with world powers. Her strong and compassionate leadership both domestically and internationally helped to unify New Zealand and garnered international support.
- The book examines New Zealand's COVID-19 public health response and its impact on foreign policy, as well as its national security approach to the pandemic and how the country navigates its relationship with China.
- The book discusses New Zealand's distinctive foreign policy that emphasises the country's indigenous values and the importance of multilateral cooperation.
- This book is necessary reading for anyone interested in understanding how small states can wade through foreign policy challenges in international relations.
- The book retails for US$118 and is available in electronic formats.
- Robert G Patman, Peter Grace and Balazs Kiglics authored the book, with contributions from academics, policy-makers and practitioners.
- World Scientific Publishing is a leading independent publisher of books and journals for scholarly, research, and professional communities and publishes around 600 books and over 170 journals in various fields annually.
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Bioengineer
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Supercharging immune cells to battle blood cancer: Breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy
- Blocking CD300A significantly enhanced human natural killer (NK) cells’ ability to lyse hematologic malignancies (HMs).
- Researchers explored new immune checkpoints in order to overcome the challenges that immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) faces such as low response rates and emerging immune-related adverse events.
- CD300A emerges as a potential immune checkpoint that negatively regulates NK cell function through interaction with phosphatidylserine (PS).
- The study focused on NK cells’ ability to attack and destroy cancer cells, blocked CD300A using a monoclonal antibody called TX49.
- Blocking CD300A enhanced NK cells' cytotoxic capabilities, increasing the expression of proteins related to cell lysis and secretion of cytokines.
- Animal models showed that blocking CD300A led to a significant improvement in the survival rate of mice with xenografted human blood cancer cells.
- Researchers believe that targeting CD300A could improve the function of NK cells, opening up possible new avenues for treating other types of cancer.
- The study offers hope for invigorating NK cell-based treatments against challenging cancers such as hematologic malignancies.
- Enhanced expression of CD300A was associated with shorter survival and a more 'exhausted' phenotype of intratumoral NK cells in patients with various types of cancer.
- The research was supported by various organizations such as the National Key R&D Program of China and the Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Bioengineer
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Hyperspectral dark-field microscopy for rapid and accurate identification of cancerous tissues
- Researchers have introduced hyperspectral dark-field microscopy (HSDFM) as a method to rapidly and accurately differentiate between cancerous and healthy cells and identify different tumor subtypes within breast tissues after lumpectomy procedures.
- HSDFM illuminates tissue samples with multiple wavelengths of light and analyzes the differences in scattered light intensity to produce unique spectral signatures of the tissues.
- Machine learning algorithms are applied to the imaging data to identify specific regions containing carcinoma subtypes, such as invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive mucinous carcinoma.
- The study shows the potential of HSDFM in enhancing postsurgical care for breast-conserving surgery and facilitating timely corrective actions.
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Bioengineer
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Developed compiler acceleration technology for quantum computers
- Researchers from National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, RIKEN, Tokyo University of Science, and University of Tokyo have developed a probabilistic method for finding the optimal quantum gate sequence for quantum computers using a new compilation method.
- This new method reduces the time to search for quantum gate sequence by several orders of magnitude and has been confirmed and demonstrated using Fugaku supercomputer.
- The method is expected to speed up quantum computer compilers and improve the performance of quantum computer devices.
- It can also help optimize quantum information processing at quantum relay nodes and facilitate the reduction of environmental impact.
- The research team introduced a probabilistic method that can efficiently search for the optimal quantum gate sequence within the execution time and computational resources.
- The quantum gate sequence consists of 1-qubit gates and 2-qubit gates, and the best sequence is the one with the fewest gates and shows the best performance.
- This new method is expected to become a useful tool for practical quantum computers and speed up quantum computer compilers.
- The research team aims to integrate the results with machine learning approaches to optimize the performance of quantum computers.
- The research was published in the American scientific journal Physical Review A.
- This technology may contribute to quantum information processing at quantum nodes that support the quantum internet.
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Bioengineer
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Princeton physicists reveal the microscopic basis of a new form of quantum magnetism
- Physicists from Princeton University have gained new insights into kinetics magnetism, a form of magnetism that is driven by the motion of impurities in atomic arrays.
- The team used ultracold atoms bound in an artificial laser-built lattice to directly image the microscopic object responsible.
- This object is an unusual type of polaron or quasiparticle that emerges in an interacting quantum system.
- The system makes use of a technique called 'doping', which either removes some particles, thereby leaving 'holes' in the lattice, or adds extra particles, thereby making the lattice denser.
- This system has allowed the researchers to explore the finely-grained physics that gives rise to kinetic magnetism.
- The researchers found that the objects responsible for this new form of magnetism are a new type of magnetic polaron.
- This new form of magnetism has far-reaching implications in condensed matter physics and could lead to understanding the mechanisms for hole dopants to pair up, resulting in superconductivity at high temperatures.
- The experimental work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Army Research Office and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.
- The study, 'Directly imaging spin polarons in a kinetically frustrated Hubbard system,' was published on May 8, 2024 in the journal Nature.
- Other members of the team are Zoe Yan, now at the University of Chicago, and theorists Ivan Morera, University of Barcelona, Spain, and Eugene Demler, Institute of Theoretical Physics in Zurich, Switzerland.
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Medium
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Kiran Mazumdar Shaw: Pioneering India’s Biotech Revolution
- Kiran Mazumdar Shaw founded Biocon Limited in 1978, propelling it to become a global leader in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.
- Under her leadership, Biocon has achieved significant milestones in the development of biologics for chronic diseases.
- Kiran Mazumdar Shaw has received numerous accolades and awards for her contributions to entrepreneurship and leadership.
- She is actively involved in philanthropic endeavors, focusing on healthcare, education, and environmental conservation.
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Medium
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Sample Preparation Market Is Expected To Exhibit Significant Growth Over 2031
- The sample preparation market is expected to exhibit significant growth over the forecast period.
- Factors contributing to the market growth include increasing R&D investment in biotechnology, advancements in next-generation sequencing, and the need for accuracy in laboratory analysis.
- Automation in medical and research institutes has positively influenced the sample preparation industry, leading to increased efficiency through the use of advanced automated liquid handling tools.
- High setup costs and complexities in operations of liquid handling instruments, as well as lack of research initiatives in developing countries, are hindering market growth.
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