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Arstechnica

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SpiderBot experiments hint at “echolocation” to locate prey

Researchers at Johns Hopkins University's Terradynamics Laboratory are using spider robots to study the behaviors of real spiders in locating prey.
Spiders exhibit crouching behavior to sense differences in web frequencies and locate prey that is not moving.
The research offers evidence for the hypothesis that spiders use a form of echolocation to find immobile prey.
The experiments with robot models provide reproducible results and offer insights into the biological system of spiders.

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Fyfluiddynamics

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Derecho-Induced Skyscraper Damage

Derechos, short-lived, intense wind storms, have been found to cause more damage to skyscrapers in Houston compared to hurricanes with similar wind speeds.
Researchers have discovered that broken windows in skyscrapers were concentrated in areas facing other tall buildings during a derecho.
Wind tunnel experiments revealed that downbursts, strong downward wind bursts, between nearby buildings caused extremely strong suction forces along a skyscraper's face, even stronger than those experienced in higher hurricane-force winds.
As a result, designers may need to consider the effects of downburst wind patterns on skyscrapers in regions prone to derechos.

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Physicsworld

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‘Milestone’ as Square Kilometre Array Observatory releases its first low-frequency image of the cosmos

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Observatory has released the first images from its partially built low-frequency telescope in Australia, known as SKA-Low.
The image contains 85 of the brightest known galaxies in that region, observed at 150MHz to 175 MHz, with each galaxy having a black hole at its center.
The SKA-Low telescope will have 131,072 two-metre-high antennas that will act as a single instrument, enabling observations of over 600,000 galaxies.
The SKA-Low and SKA-Mid telescopes, with a combined cost of £1bn, are expected to begin making science observations in 2028 and will help answer cosmology's most enigmatic questions.

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Physicsworld

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How civil engineering is bringing quantum physics down to earth

Civil engineers face costly challenges in locating buried infrastructure, with damages costing billions annually.
Traditional methods like ground penetrating radar have limitations based on soil type and moisture.
University of Birmingham researchers explore using quantum physics for subsurface mapping, collaborating with physicists.
Cold-atom interferometry offers a new technique for gravity sensing, utilizing quantum properties of atoms.
Devices like gravimeters and gradiometers help measure gravity variations, with potential applications in geophysics and navigation.
Portable cold-atom gravity sensors aim to operate outside labs for practical use, with challenges in stability and accuracy.
The Birmingham team's gravity gradiometer successfully detected a utility tunnel, showcasing the potential of quantum sensors.
Commercializing cold-atom gravity gradiometers requires overcoming cost, size, power consumption, and operational challenges.
Efforts are underway to reduce costs, improve system efficiency, and collaborate with industry for practical implementation of quantum technology.
The development of mobile cold-atom interferometers demonstrates the convergence of quantum physics and civil engineering, offering new possibilities in the field.

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Physicsworld

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Manu jumping: the physics of making a bigger splash

Manu jumping is a competitive sport that involves creating the highest splash when jumping into the water.
According to a study, the best manu jumpers enter the water back first, creating a V-shape with their legs and upper body.
A 45° angle between the legs and torso results in the highest splashes, as it creates a deep and wide air cavity that quickly closes.
The study also found that rolling and kicking in the water, along with an optimal opening time of 0.26 s, contributes to making the highest splashes.

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Arstechnica

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Physicists unlock another clue to brewing the perfect espresso

Scientists from the University of Warsaw have uncovered insights into the physics of 'channeling' in espresso brewing.
The findings aim to help coffee lovers achieve more consistent results during the brewing process.
Variations in water pressure, temperature, and technique lead to a significant range in espresso quality and taste.
Researchers in the past have focused on extraction yield (EY) to optimize the brewing process and minimize waste.

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Physicsworld

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Quantum behaviour in brain neurons looks theoretically possible

A study has suggested that quantum phenomena can occur in neurons as they transmit messages in the brain.
The equations describing classical physics of brain responses are mathematically equivalent to equations describing quantum mechanics.
Researchers derived a Schrödinger-like equation specifically for neurons and found that the variables obey quantum mechanical equations.
The discovery of quantum effects in neurons could provide new insight into brain function and potential applications in understanding consciousness and diseases.

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Sciencenewsforstudents

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Wiggling robots reveal the physics of how Hula-Hoops stay up

Scientists have used spinning, hoop-slinging robots to study the physics of Hula-Hoops.
Robots with indented middles shaped like an hourglass were the only ones able to keep the hoop up.
The slope at the bottom of the indent provided an upward force, countering gravity.
The new findings offer tips for people learning to hula-hoop, such as launching the hoop fast and positioning it correctly.

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Physicsworld

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Global Physics Summit: this week, Anaheim is the hub of world physics

The Global Physics Summit (GPS) is being held in Anaheim by the American Physical Society (APS). About 14,000 physicists are expected to attend the event.
The GPS combines the APS's traditional March and April meetings focusing on condensed-matter, particle, and nuclear physics.
The event is an opportunity for the global community of physicists to unite and address political and funding challenges faced by physicists in the US.
This year, the summit will also highlight quantum mechanics, with the 'Quantum Playground' offering interactive experiences, demonstrations, and more.

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Quantumfrontiers

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Developing an AI for Quantum Chess: Part 1

Caltech’s Institute for Quantum Information and Matter introduced Quantum Chess during a match between Paul Rudd and Stephen Hawking.
Quantum Realm Games, with support from IQIM, has enhanced the prototype to create Quantum Chess 1.0, incorporating AI.
The development of AI for Quantum Chess presents unique challenges compared to traditional chess AI.
Chess AI relies on depth, where deeper simulations lead to better evaluations of possible moves.
Quantum Chess introduces split and merge moves, significantly increasing the branching factor.
Modern chess engines like Stockfish use heuristics to manage the vast number of possible moves.
StoQfish, an attempt at Quantum Chess AI using Stockfish, faced limitations due to quantum aspects.
Stockfish struggles with scenarios like kings in superposition, leading to crashes in Quantum Chess.
Efforts to adapt classical strategies like minimax search faced challenges with Quantum Chess rules.
Alternative approaches were explored, including developing a new AI named Hal 9000 for Quantum Chess.

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Knowridge

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Scientists create powerful permanent magnet without expensive rare earth metals

Scientists in South Korea have developed a new process to create high-performance permanent magnets without using expensive heavy rare earth elements.
The breakthrough could reduce costs and dependence on rare earth materials, which are mainly controlled by China.
The researchers developed a two-step grain boundary diffusion process (GBDP) that improves magnet performance and avoids grain coarsening.
The benefits include high performance, lower costs, reduced dependency, and potential industry growth in South Korea.

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Medium

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A New Vision of the Universe: Gravity, Awareness, and Quantum Cosmology

Gravity may function as an informational feedback system, dynamically balancing the universe from quantum interactions to galaxies.
The concept of 'entropic switching' explains entropy's behavior on different scales, contributing to the emergence of complexity amidst chaos.
The interaction between consciousness and quantum states influences the actualization of realities within the universe.
The paper integrates quantum physics, cosmology, and philosophy, challenging traditional notions and offering empirical pathways for validation.
The model proposes a universe emerging from timeless quantum potentials shaped by dynamic equilibria and self-organizing oscillations.
Universal stability thresholds are hypothesized to govern transitions between stability, instability, and collapse in cosmic structures.
Gravity is characterized as an informational equilibrium field encoding positional data to maintain balance.
The idea of entropic switching introduces localized temporal resets within space-time, observable in phenomena such as supernovae.
This framework bridges quantum physics with cosmology and philosophy, encouraging further theoretical development and empirical validation.
The manuscript presents speculative hypotheses backed by observational analogies, inviting insights to redefine fundamental physics concepts.

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Guardian

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Unearthed notebooks shed light on Victorian genius who inspired Einstein

The Victorian scientist Michael Faraday's unearthed notebooks reveal his groundbreaking discoveries in physics and chemistry, which inspired Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.
The notebooks contain Faraday's meticulous notes from lectures by Sir Humphry Davy in 1812, showcasing his deep understanding and illustrations of scientific experiments.
Despite his humble background and limited education, Faraday's notes demonstrate his dedication to understanding and visualizing scientific principles.
Faraday's desire to pursue science led him to present his notebook to Davy, eventually securing a laboratory assistant role at the Royal Institution in 1813.
Faraday's work at the Royal Institution led to discoveries such as electromagnetic rotation, the electric motor, electric generator, and laws of electrolysis.
His experiments, including the Faraday effect proving the connection between light and electromagnetism, paved the way for Einstein's theory of relativity.
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which Einstein credited for his theory, is regarded as a foundational contribution to modern physics.
Key pages from Faraday's notebooks will be accessible online from 24 March, coinciding with the 200th anniversary of the Royal Institution Christmas lectures, founded by Faraday in 1825.
Faraday's emphasis on self-education and scientific outreach continues to inspire future generations, aligning with the Royal Institution's mission to promote science to diverse audiences.
The digitization of Faraday's notebooks aims to make his groundbreaking work readily available and searchable online for researchers and enthusiasts.

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Arstechnica

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Small charges in water spray can trigger the formation of key biochemicals

Scientists have discovered that small charges in water spray can trigger the formation of key biochemicals.
Micro-lightning, small electricity discharges occurring between tiny droplets of water spray, have been found to produce chemical compounds used by present-day life when interacting with a mixture of gases replicating the early Earth's atmosphere.
These chemical compounds include glycine, uracil, urea, cyanoacetylene, and hydrogen cyanide, which are considered building blocks of life.
This discovery provides a new plausible mechanism to understand how life's building blocks could have originated on Earth.

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Medium

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Hoax Classification with Vertex AI and Cloud Function

Automating Hoax Classification with Google Vertex AI and Cloud Function for efficient classification of misinformation and hoaxes online.
Prerequisites for the implementation include Python 3.8+, Google Cloud SDK, functions-framework, and vertexai Python packages.
The process involves importing libraries, configuring the Generative AI model, defining the Hoax Classification Function, and creating the Cloud Function for classification requests.
The classify_claim function processes textual claims, constructs prompts, identifies classification categories, and utilizes a GenerativeModel for detailed justifications.
The Cloud Function, classify, is set up as an HTTP-triggered function that parses JSON data from requests for classification inputs.
Deployment involves deploying the function to Google Cloud and testing it using tools like curl or Postman to send HTTP requests with JSON data.
This automated system can efficiently detect hoaxes at scale, process text content, and provide evidence to combat misinformation.
Readers are encouraged to deploy the hoax classification function to leverage AI technology in the fight against misinformation.
Special thanks are given to Nicholas Arsa for collaborating on the project that utilizes Google Cloud credits.
The article provides a comprehensive guide for automating hoax classification with Vertex AI and Cloud Functions to enhance online content verification.

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