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Guardian

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Microsoft unveils chip it says could bring quantum computing within years

Microsoft has unveiled a breakthrough chip that could potentially bring quantum computing within years.
The chip is powered by the world's first topoconductor, enabling the design of compact and reliable quantum systems.
Microsoft claims the topoconductor could lead to quantum systems with a million qubits, capable of solving highly complex problems.
The technology could have applications in breaking down microplastics, inventing self-healing materials, solving logistics problems, and cracking encryption codes.

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Nytimes

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Microsoft Says It Has Created a New State of Matter to Power Quantum Computers

Microsoft claims to have created a new state of matter for powering quantum computers.
The new state of matter, called 'topological qubit', has the potential to solve complex problems in various fields.
This development escalates the competition in the race for quantum computers, surpassing the capabilities of current AI systems.
Microsoft's quantum technology could surpass Google's methods in building quantum computers.

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Fyfluiddynamics

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Why Nature Loves Fractals

Fractals, which are repeating, self-similar shapes, are prevalent in both living and non-living systems.
In living systems like trees, the branching pattern optimizes the packing of surface area for efficient energy uptake through photosynthesis.
In our bodies, organs like lungs and blood vessels use branching patterns to maximize surface area for effective exchange of gases and waste.
Non-living systems, such as river deltas or cracks, also exhibit fractal branching patterns to balance forces and optimize surface area.

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Physicsworld

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Wireless deep brain stimulation reverses Parkinson’s disease in mice

A nanoparticle-based deep brain stimulation system has successfully reversed Parkinson’s disease symptoms in mice by boosting dopamine levels and clearing out harmful fibrils.
Current DBS treatments aim to amplify dopamine signaling, but do not stop disease progression by restoring degenerated neurons.
Researchers developed a photothermal, wireless DBS system using TRPV1 activation and β-syn peptides to clear α-syn fibrils in the brain.
The DBS nanoparticles anchor to dopamine neurons, convert NIR irradiation into heat, activate TRPV1 receptors, and trigger autophagy.
In vitro tests showed the nanoparticles reduced neuron death induced by α-syn preformed fibrils.
In vivo studies in mice with Parkinson's disease demonstrated improved motor abilities and restored dopamine neurons after DBS treatment.
Motor tests showed treated mice outperformed untreated ones and had near comparable performance to healthy mice.
The nanoparticles remained stable in the brain with no considerable toxicity observed after treatment.
Future research aims to further explore gold clusters' neuroprotective properties for potential multifunctional therapeutic strategies.
The study was reported in Science Advances and offers promising insights into innovative treatments for Parkinson’s disease.

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Physicsworld

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How should scientists deal with politicians who don’t respect science?

In a 1995 essay, Freeman Dyson described scientists as rebels going against cultural restrictions.
Scientists rebel against oppressive cultural constraints and reveal new views of the world.
Dyson feared science's liberating role was being obscured by sociologists and philosophers.
Today, scientists face challenges from politicians who dismiss scientific findings as politically driven.
Anti-science attitudes in politics undermine democracy by disregarding expert opinions.
Politicians have ignored scientific findings, leading to detrimental legislation like prohibiting sea-level rise models.
The Trump administration faced criticism for disregarding scientific evidence on climate change and sex definitions.
Dyson believed scientists should abstain from political engagement to maintain their rebel status.
Scientists must ensure politicians respect the authority and independence of scientific findings in policy-making.
Despite challenges, scientists must remain hopeful and steadfast in their pursuit of truth.

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Physicsworld

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Scientists discover secret of ice-free polar-bear fur

Researchers have discovered the secret behind how polar-bear fur remains free of ice in sub-zero temperatures.
The fur's ice-shedding properties can be attributed to a substance called sebum, which is produced by glands near the root of each hair.
Chemicals found in sebum could be used to develop environmentally-friendly anti-icing surfaces and lubricants, potentially replacing harmful substances currently in use.
The research could also provide insights into the anti-icing properties of other Arctic mammals.

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Brighter Side of News

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Scientists use the Lorentz force to stop light in its tracks

Scientists from AMOLF and Delft University of Technology have discovered a method to halt light waves in a two-dimensional photonic crystal, as published in Nature Photonics.
The breakthrough allows for precise control of light at the nanoscale, essential for developing high-performance nanophotonic chips.
Unlike electrons that respond to magnetic fields, photons lack charge and require alternative methods for manipulation.
Inspired by electron behavior in materials, researchers engineered materials to mimic a 'magnetic field-like' effect for photons.
By deforming the photonic crystal, researchers could control light waves similarly to how a magnetic field influences electrons.
The researchers achieved a revolutionary method to confine and halt light waves at the nanoscale within the crystal structure.
The ability to control light waves on a chip offers potential for efficient optical devices, lasers, and quantum light sources.
Collaboration with Delft University of Technology led to successful demonstration of halting light within the photonic crystal.
Similar discoveries were made independently by a team at Pennsylvania State University, reinforcing the potential applications of this technology.
Stopping light waves in photonic crystals opens new possibilities for nanophotonics and could impact fields like optical communication and quantum computing.

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Knowridge

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Could time flow in both directions? New study challenges our understanding of time

A new study from the University of Surrey challenges the understanding that time only moves in one direction.
At the quantum level, time may have the ability to flow both forward and backward, according to the research.
The study focused on open quantum systems and found that the equations showed time symmetry, suggesting that time may not be fixed at smaller scales.
This discovery challenges our current understanding of time and raises new questions about the nature of the universe.

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Mit

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Unlocking the secrets of fusion’s core with AI-enhanced simulations

Nathan Howard, a principal research scientist at MIT, uses AI-enhanced simulations to study fusion reactions.
He is part of the MFE-IM group at the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center.
Howard and his team aim to predict plasma behavior in fusion devices using simulations and machine learning.
Their research helps in making smarter design choices for fusion technology.
In a recent study, Howard used simulations to confirm the performance of ITER, the world's largest experimental fusion device.
By adjusting operating setups, Howard discovered ways to increase energy output with less energy input, improving efficiency.
ITER aims to yield 500 megawatts of fusion power and be ten times more energy efficient than external heating.
Howard's use of high-fidelity simulations like CGYRO and machine learning tools like PORTALS enhances predictions of fusion device performance.
By refining operating conditions and leveraging surrogates, Howard demonstrates the potential for more efficient fusion reactions.
Efforts to optimize ITER's performance through simulations and AI-driven models show promise for the future of fusion energy.

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Brighter Side of News

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Time is an illusion resulting from quantum entanglement

Physicists are challenging the concept of time, suggesting it may be an illusion resulting from quantum entanglement.
The study published in Physical Review A proposes that time can be explained through the Page and Wootters mechanism, treating time as a quantum observable.
The inconsistency of time in quantum mechanics and general relativity poses a significant challenge known as the 'problem of time.'
Time in quantum mechanics is viewed as an external parameter, while in general relativity, time is intertwined with space and influenced by factors like gravity and motion.
The Page and Wootters mechanism suggests that time emerges through entanglement between a clock and the system it measures.
The researchers simulated entangled quantum systems and found that time's evolution was dictated by the quantum state of the clock.
The application of the Page and Wootters mechanism to macroscopic systems suggests that classical physics can emerge from entanglement, implying time might not be fundamental.
While this perspective offers a new understanding of time, experimental validation is still required to confirm the concept of time as an emergent property of entanglement.
The idea that time is not a fundamental aspect could potentially lead to advancements in quantum gravity and reshape our perception of reality.
Despite uncertainties, some physicists believe exploring time as an emergent property could provide insights into the nature of the universe and our existence within it.

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Medium

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Supercharge Your Technical Content Creation with Gemini

Creating technical content is essential in the fast-paced tech world, but it can be time-consuming.
The "Content Creator AI Tools" project utilizes Gemini AI to streamline content creation.
It can generate blog posts, code improvements, video scripts, and more from various inputs.
Users can choose input and output types, provide source content, and add instructions for customization.
The app processes inputs using Gitingest for efficient parsing, helping steer models for desired outputs.
After inputting details, users click "Generate content" to get the output, with options to iterate and refine.
Examples include generating blog posts from code, creating README files from GitHub repositories, and video walkthroughs.
The project showcases AI's potential in automating content creation, freeing up time for technical professionals.
Future plans include support for multiple file inputs, local models, text-to-speech, and image/video generation.
To get started, one can clone the repository, experiment with different inputs, outputs, and contribute to project development.

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Physicsworld

358

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The muon’s magnetic moment exposes a huge hole in the Standard Model – unless it doesn’t

Researchers have observed a discrepancy in the theoretical predictions and experimental measurements of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment, known as the 'muon g-2', which challenges the foundations of the Standard Model of particle physics.
While the discrepancy had hinted at the possibility of new physics beyond the Standard Model, a new prediction has emerged suggesting there may be no new physics involved.
The muon g-2 discrepancy is likened to a cupcake recipe yielding 11 cupcakes instead of 10, raising questions about the accuracy of the Standard Model's predictions.
The Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab measured the muon g-2 with unprecedented precision and found a significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction, indicating potential new physics.
Lattice QCD predictions have recently aligned closely with the experimental results, leading to a debate over whether the discrepancy between experiment and theory truly exists.
New experimental measurements of the muon g-2's hadronic processes are expected to provide further insights, potentially confirming either the existence of new physics or reinforcing the Standard Model.
The scientific community awaits the final results of the Muon g-2 experiment in 2025, which will shed light on whether the observed discrepancy signals new physics or a confirmation of the Standard Model.
Ongoing research aims to resolve the discrepancies between experimental data, theoretical predictions, and lattice QCD calculations, with the goal of advancing our understanding of particle physics.
The Muon g-2 Theory Initiative continues its efforts to update the Standard Model predictions, with future publications planned to address the evolving landscape in particle physics.
The scientific journey ahead promises an exciting exploration of the fundamental nature of the universe, with the potential for groundbreaking discoveries in the realm of particle physics.

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Physicsworld

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Low-temperature plasma halves cancer recurrence in mice

Low-temperature plasma is being explored as a promising treatment for inhibiting tumour recurrence in cancer. Researchers at the University of Tokyo used streamer discharge to reduce melanoma tumour recurrence in mice post-surgery.
The plasma treatment was found to significantly decrease the recurrence rate of melanoma tumours, highlighting its potential as an adjuvant therapy after surgical resection.
Experiments showed that plasma treatment reduced tumour recurrence by approximately 50% without affecting the overall health of the animals.
The cytotoxic effects of streamer discharge on cancer cells were confirmed, with a rapid transition from apoptosis to necrosis observed post-treatment.
Streamer discharge generated reactive species that killed residual cancer cells at the resection site, potentially triggering immunogenic cell death.
The unique therapeutic effect of streamer discharge, along with its low cost and ease of operation, make it a promising candidate for clinical application after tumour resection.
The study suggests that streamer discharge may offer advantages over other cold atmospheric plasmas and warrants further investigation for future research and potential clinical use.
Clinical applications of plasma treatment to reduce cancer recurrence risk are a long-term goal, following positive results in mice experiments.
The study findings were published in the Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, showcasing the potential of low-temperature plasma in cancer therapy.
Research continues to explore the mechanisms by which plasma inhibits tumour recurrence, with a focus on its cytotoxic effects and potential for inducing immunogenic cell death.

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COSMOS

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Synthetic material moves independently, like worms

Scientists have created a synthetic material that forms worm-like structures and can move like them.
The material is made of Janus colloids, tiny particles with distinct physical properties.
When an electric field is applied, the charged particles assemble to form 3D worm-like chains.
This material could have applications in drug delivery and the design of devices that can move independently.

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Physicsworld

294

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Ultra-high-energy neutrino detection opens a new window on the universe

Using an underwater observatory, the KM3NeT neutrino observatory, an international team has detected an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino with an energy greater than 100 PeV.
Neutrinos, which are subatomic particles, can travel vast cosmic distances without being deflected or absorbed, making them good probes for studying energetic processes in the universe.
The detection of the ultra-high-energy neutrino opens up possibilities to identify powerful cosmic accelerators, which have not been clearly identified, or detect new physics beyond the Standard Model.
Ongoing upgrades to neutrino observatories like KM3NeT aim to detect more of these rare but highly informative particles, enabling scientists to answer fundamental questions in astrophysics.

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