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The physics of opening swing-top bottles revealed

Physicist Max Koch from the University of Göttingen in Germany conducted a study on the physics involved in opening swing-top bottles of beer.
Using a high-speed camera and simulations, Koch discovered that the sound produced during the opening of swing-top bottles is caused by condensation forming a standing wave, rather than a shockwave.
The opening of the bottle also triggers the rise of the liquid level due to dissolved carbon dioxide and causes the liquid to slosh due to the motion of the bottle.
Further study is still needed, as numerical simulations showed a peak in acoustic emission that was absent in experimentation.

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Physicsworld

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Allegations of sexual misconduct have immediate impact on perpetrator’s citations, finds study

Scientists accused of sexual misconduct experience a significant drop in citation rates for their work, according to a study.
Researchers accused of scientific misconduct do not see a similar decline in citations.
The study analyzed citation rates for 5888 papers by 30 researchers accused of misconduct.
The study suggests that academics may overestimate their ability to separate scientists from their work.

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Hobbieroth

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Dipole-Dipole Interaction

Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology offers numerous homework problems emphasizing the ability to understand how quantities depend on variables.
A new homework problem explores the energy of interaction between an electric dipole and an induced dipole in a dielectric as a function of distance r.
The energy of a dipole in an electric field is determined by U = -p · E, and the induced dipole in a dielectric is proportional to the electric field it experiences.
The energy varies with the cosine of the angle between the dipole and the electric field, and the dipole is attracted to the dielectric.
Van der Waals interactions in biology rely on energy falling as 1/r^6, influencing how biomolecules interact.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) uses dipole-dipole interactions for measuring distances between molecules, being sensitive due to the 1/r^6 energy decay.
FRET serves as a spectroscopic ruler, with the technique explored in Philip Nelson's book.

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Physicsworld

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Steampunk meets quantum physics at the GPS

Bruce Rosenbaum, a maker of steampunk objects, showcased a quantum-related creation at the Global Physics Summit in Anaheim.
The object features a small vacuum chamber that could hold a single trapped ion and is surrounded by a spherical structure representing quantum physics and an armillary sphere.
Nicole Yunger Halpern, a theorist from the University of Maryland, collaborated with Rosenbaum in developing the object.
The object combines 19th-century concepts of thermodynamics with the 21st-century concepts of quantum science and technology.

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Fyfluiddynamics

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Filtering by Sea Sponge

A recent study took inspiration from a deep-sea sponge, Venus' flower basket, to design an efficient oil filter.
The sponge's multi-scale structure, with helical ridges on its outer surface and a smaller checkered pattern on its skeleton, aids in pulling nutrients out of complex flow fields.
By mimicking this three-level structure, the research team developed an oil-capturing device capable of filtering even emulsified oil from water.
The filter successfully captured over 97% of oil across various flow conditions.

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Physicsworld

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Artur Ekert explains how Albert Einstein and John Bell inspired quantum cryptography

Artur Ekert explains how Albert Einstein and John Bell inspired quantum cryptography
Physicist Artur Ekert discusses the influence of Albert Einstein and John Bell in the development of quantum theory.
He explains how Bell's theorem led to the creation of a pioneering quantum cryptography protocol.
Ekert also discusses current research in quantum physics and the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology.

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Quantumfrontiers

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The first and second centuries of quantum mechanics

John Preskill's remarks at the American Physical Society Global Physics Summit celebrated 100 years of quantum mechanics.
Preskill discussed quantum mechanics developments over the past 50 years and the advancements anticipated ahead.
Key points included the quantum mechanics breakthroughs by Stephen Hawking, the fractional quantum Hall effect, and advancements in atomic physics.
Preskill highlighted the influence of notable physicists like Phil Anderson, John Wheeler, and Richard Feynman on his journey in physics.
He emphasized the impact of research collaboration across various subfields in driving scientific progress.
Preskill reflected on the role of emerging technologies like quantum computing, LIGO, and the arXiv in transforming scientific pursuits.
The potential future quantum technology innovations in medicine, materials science, and cosmology were also pondered upon.
Preskill touched on the convergence of physics fields around entanglement and quantum principles, leading to new insights in quantum science.
He concluded by expressing the vast opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in exploring highly entangled states in the second quantum century.
Preskill encouraged embracing the unknown and praised the contributions of past quantum heroes while looking forward to the explorations of future quantum researchers.
The article overall highlighted the evolution of quantum mechanics over the last century and offered insights into the potential directions of quantum science in the future.

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Medium

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Building an Efficient DataLoader in JAX: From Scratch to Production

JAX is a powerful framework for numerical computing, but lacks an efficient DataLoader
The author built jax-dataloaders, a solution for handling batched and shuffled datasets in JAX
Challenges in building the DataLoader include functional programming preference and efficient data movement
jax-dataloaders is JAX-native, supports batching, shuffling, and multi-GPU, and is lightweight and simple to use

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Arstechnica

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Hints grow stronger that dark energy changes over time

A new analysis of data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) provides stronger hints that dark energy, instead of being constant, may actually change over time.
The hints of varying dark energy have now become significantly stronger according to Mustapha Ishak-Boushaki of the University of Texas at Dallas, one of the co-chairs of the DESI working groups.
The new evidence for dynamical dark energy was presented at the American Physical Society's Global Physics Summit in California.
This analysis suggests that the nature of dark energy and its role in the acceleration of the universe is closer to being confirmed.

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Guardian

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Dark energy: mysterious cosmic force appears to be weakening, say scientists

Dark energy, the mysterious force powering the expansion of the universe, appears to be weakening, according to a survey.
Results from the dark energy spectroscopic instrument (Desi) team at the Kitt Peak National Observatory suggest that dark energy reached a peak billions of years ago and is now about 10% weaker.
If confirmed, these findings could challenge the widely accepted theoretical model of the universe and potentially lead to a big crunch scenario, where the expansion of the universe goes into reverse.
The results, based on the most detailed three-dimensional map of the universe created by Desi, indicate that dark energy is declining rather than remaining constant.

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Guardian

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Is dark energy destined to dominate the universe and lead to the ‘big crunch’?

Scientists have discovered that dark energy, a mysterious force acting as anti-gravity, is currently dominating the cosmic tug of war between matter and itself, driving the expansion of the universe.
A recent analysis by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (Desi) suggests that dark energy peaked when the universe was about 70% of its current age and is now on the decline.
This challenges the widely accepted theoretical model that assumes dark energy to be constant and predicts a 'big freeze' scenario in which distant regions recede too fast, leading to an isolated universe.
If dark energy were to decline beyond zero and become negative, it could reverse the expansion, resulting in a potential 'big crunch', or the universe could have a quieter ending if dark energy settled at zero.

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Medium

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Module Relevance on Homefeed

Pinterest introduced modules to improve the relevance of the Homefeed by providing more context and exploring new topics for users.
Modules come in two types: landing page modules that take users to a separate page, and carousel modules showing a collection of Pins.
To prevent user fatigue, a fatiguing approach stops showing a module if a user repeatedly ignores it.
Module ranking involves ranking modules based on user engagement, with a dedicated model optimizing module actions like taps and clicks.
A sampling strategy balances positive engagement labels and selected features for module ranking.
Calibration and blending layers further enhance the module relevance, dynamically placing modules alongside Pins in the Homefeed.
The 'skip slot' blending approach ensures modules are placed in feed slots based on surrounding Pin engagement.
Future plans include improving relevance through real-time monitoring, magnitude-based ranking, and Pin displacement blending.
The module relevance work on Homefeed was accomplished with the collaboration of various teams, as acknowledged in the article.
Pinterest continues to focus on enhancing module relevance on the Homefeed to optimize user experience and engagement.

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Medium

Image Credit: Medium

Stop Answering: I Challenge You to Question the Questions

Questions frame answers, shaping the landscape of thought before responses.
Examining how questions function reveals their role in restricting possible answers.
Highly targeted questions yield limited answers, while open-ended questions allow for more possibilities.
The way questions are posed influences the space of potential answers.
Pragmatics play a role in determining what counts as an acceptable response to a question.
Neuroscience results suggest that language structure affects information encoding in the brain.
Questions and answers interact in a recursive manner, continually shaping and reshaping each other.
Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem challenges the idea of fully grounding formal systems, highlighting inherent incompleteness.
Percolation theory and emergent systems align with the recursive patterns in mathematics and knowledge.
Dark matter and dark energy are viewed as anti-states, providing a holistic perspective on existence and non-existence.

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Interactions

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New DESI Results Strengthen Hints That Dark Energy May Evolve

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration published a new analysis using their initial three years of data, indicating that dark energy's influence may be weakening over time, suggesting a need for an update to the standard model of the universe.
This analysis combines DESI data with information from cosmic microwave background studies, supernovae, and weak gravitational lensing, revealing discrepancies that challenge the current cosmological model.
DESI's data hint at an evolving dark energy scenario, deviating from the conventional Lambda CDM model, as indicated by the largest 3D map of the universe constructed by DESI researchers.
Although the evolving dark energy hypothesis has not reached the significant '5 sigma' level, the combination of DESI data with other sources shows promising signs ranging from 2.8 to 4.2 sigma.
The DESI experiment, involving over 900 researchers globally, aims to explore the nature of dark energy over the span of billions of years, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of the universe.
The DESI collaboration's further analyses and ongoing data collection will provide valuable insights into understanding dark energy and its implications on the universe's future.
DESI's precision in tracking dark energy through baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) highlights a growing need for a new model to address the evolving complexities observed in the universe.
Through international cooperation and cutting-edge technology, DESI continues to expand our knowledge of the cosmos and invites new perspectives from the scientific community to unravel the mysteries of dark energy.
The DESI Data Release 1 is now available for public exploration, offering a rich dataset to support diverse astrophysical research and contribute to ongoing cosmological investigations.
Berkeley Lab, the forefront of scientific excellence, houses the DESI collaboration and plays a vital role in spearheading groundbreaking research across various scientific disciplines.

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Interactions

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DESI Opens Access to the Largest 3D Map of the Universe Yet

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has released a new dataset containing information on 18.7 million celestial objects, making it the largest 3D map of the universe yet.
DESI's Data Release 1 (DR1) includes data on 4 million stars, 13.1 million galaxies, and 1.6 million quasars, offering insights into dark energy, galaxy evolution, dark matter, and more.
This 270-terabyte dataset provides precise distances to millions of galaxies and contains twice as many extragalactic objects as all previous 3D surveys combined.
DESI's international collaboration of 900+ researchers aims to map over 50 million galaxies and quasars by the end of its five-year data collection period.
The instrument uses fiber-optic 'eyes' to collect light from galaxies, analyzing their spectra to map the cosmos in three dimensions and study cosmic growth.
Data from DESI's observations are processed at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) using supercomputers like Perlmutter, allowing for faster data analysis and discoveries.
DESI's data release aims to benefit researchers worldwide and encourages exploration of the vast dataset for various scientific investigations.
The collaboration provides extensive documentation to support researchers in using the data, promoting diverse applications and discoveries in astrophysics.
DESI's DR1 paper is accessible on the DESI Data website and will be on arXiv, showcasing the project's commitment to transparency and facilitating scientific advancements.
Berkeley Lab, managing DESI, is a prominent research institution with numerous Nobel laureates and scientific achievements, emphasizing excellence in discovery science and energy solutions.

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