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Physicsworld

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Nanosensor predicts risk of complications in early pregnancy

Researchers in Australia have developed a nanosensor with 95% accuracy to detect the onset of gestational diabetes in early pregnancy.
The nanosensor uses superparamagnetic 'nanoflower' technology to isolate and detect biomarkers associated with complications in early pregnancy.
The sensor can detect protein molecules carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs), enabling the identification of potential complications such as preterm birth, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia.
The development of this nanosensor has the potential to revolutionize risk assessment and improve clinical decision-making in obstetric care.

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Slack

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How we built enterprise search to be secure and private

Slack AI, built securely and privately, operates on data the user can see and integrates with compliance standards.
Enterprise search in Slack now extends to data from key apps like Google Drive and GitHub, upholding security standards.
Features like Retrieval Augmented Generation ensure user data privacy, as Slack AI operates on user-accessible data.
Enterprise search, adhering to Slack AI principles, utilizes federated, real-time data approach for external sources.
External data access and permissions are kept up to date without storing data in the database.
Users must grant explicit access to external sources, with full control to revoke access at any time.
Following the Principle of Least Privilege, enterprise search requests only necessary OAuth scopes for search queries.
Salesforce emphasizes trust and privacy, ensuring data security in the enterprise search experience.
The architecture of enterprise search revolves around upholding privacy and security principles.
Slack AI ensures data privacy, utilizing closed-source LLMs and user-permissioned data access.

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Fyfluiddynamics

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Flooding the Mediterranean

A new study supports the hypothesis of the Zanclean megaflood that refilled the Mediterranean rapidly about 5.3 million years ago.
The study identifies geological features near Sicily that are consistent with the megaflood.
Over 300 ridges near the Sicily Sill suggest rapid deposition by turbulent waters.
These ridges date back to the period of the proposed flooding.

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Physicsworld

167

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New materials for quantum technology, how ultrasound can help detect breast cancer

Computational physics is being used to develop new quantum materials and devices for quantum science and technology.
Ultrasound is being used to help detect breast cancer, particularly in patients with higher density breast tissue.
Bhaskaran Muralidharan, from IIT Bombay, discusses the role of computational physics in quantum technology development.
Daniel Sarno from the UK’s National Physical Laboratory explains the use of ultrasound for measuring tissue density to detect breast cancer.

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Physicsworld

322

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Curious consequence of special relativity observed for the first time in the lab

Physicists in Austria have experimentally observed a prediction from Einstein's special theory of relativity about objects moving near the speed of light appearing rotated to an external observer.
Special relativity postulates that the speed of light is constant in all reference frames, leading to the phenomenon of Lorentz contraction.
In 1959, physicists noted that an object moving near the speed of light will appear rotated due to a time difference in photon emissions from its far and near sides.
This phenomenon, known as the Terrell effect, results in the object appearing rotated rather than contracted when photographed at near-light speeds.
Peter Schattschneider and colleagues from the Technical University of Vienna verified the Terrell effect experimentally using a laser, a picosecond camera, and moving objects like a sphere or a cube.
By synchronizing pulsed laser light with the camera, they recorded images of the moving object, observing it rotating instead of contracting.
The experimental results aligned with the predictions of the Terrell effect, although slight deviations were noted due to certain assumptions in the theoretical model.
Astrophysicist Avi Loeb praised the experimental confirmation of the Terrell effect as a clever demonstration that captured the effect envisioned by Terrell and Penrose.
The research conducted by Schattschneider and team is forthcoming for publication in a journal with an embargo policy, and it offers a unique experimental validation of a long-standing theoretical prediction.
This work signifies a significant step in the experimental verification of special relativity concepts, highlighting the intricate nature of physics phenomena at near-light speeds.

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Quantumfrontiers

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What does it mean to create a topological qubit?

Topological quantum computation involving non-Abelian anyons has the potential for fault-tolerant quantum computing hardware and transformative technological developments.
Non-Abelian anyons are emergent particles within exotic phases of matter that offer intrinsic resilience against local environmental perturbations for qubits.
Manipulating the positions of non-Abelian anyons allows for precise qubit operations and fault-tolerant storage of quantum information.
The fusion of non-Abelian anyons can result in different particles, providing a method for reading out qubit states that are initially hidden.
Creating a topological qubit involves encoding and manipulating quantum information using non-Abelian anyons in a topologically protected manner.
Challenges in achieving a topological qubit include demonstrating topological protection, verifying fusion protocols, and probing qubit lifetimes.
Microsoft's recent efforts in platform verification, anyon detection, and interferometric readout capabilities contribute to the development of a topological qubit.
Current experiments focus on platform verification and anyon detection, while Microsoft aims to demonstrate fusion protocols and fault-tolerant gates from anyon swaps in the future.
The journey towards realizing a topological qubit offers significant science and engineering milestones that are valuable in their own right.
Continued pursuit of topological qubits across various platforms, including non-Abelian quantum Hall states and 2D materials, holds promise for transformative advancements in quantum computing.

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COSMOS

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Quantum computers threaten to break online security in minutes, expert warns

Experts warn that quantum computers could pose serious security threats if encryption technology does not adapt.
Quantum cryptography and post-quantum cryptography are two distinct fields aimed at securing data against quantum threats.
Quantum computers could potentially break current encryption methods used in online applications like internet banking.
Costello emphasizes the urgency of developing post-quantum encryption to address future quantum computing advancements.
Encryption methods developed in the 1970s face challenges from the potential computing power of quantum computers.
Post-quantum cryptography, such as lattice-based cryptography, offers a way to enhance encryption security against quantum attacks.
Ensuring encryption security involves addressing underlying mathematical problems to prevent potential breaches.
Costello notes the importance of identifying insecure algorithms and learning from failures to improve encryption technology.
The Australian government aims to disallow the use of encryption lacking quantum security by 2030.
Industry and governments are urged to prioritize post-quantum cryptography to mitigate the risks posed by quantum computing advancements.

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Fyfluiddynamics

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Dutch Water Works

The Netherlands is known for its extraordinary water management infrastructure.
Massive civil engineering projects have allowed the Dutch to claim land from marshes and protect the coastline from flooding.
These projects are costly, but cheaper than the damages caused by inaction.
Techniques for water management in the Netherlands continue to evolve, considering the ecological needs of non-human species.

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Physicsworld

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Seen a paper changed without notification? Study reveals the growing trend of ‘stealth corrections’

A new study reveals the trend of 'stealth corrections' in scientific papers.
Such corrections are made by publishers after publication without any public notification.
Researchers are calling for publishers to publicly log all changes made to published research.
The study highlights the necessity for sustained vigilance and transparent reporting in the scientific community.

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Medium

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Uncertainty-Stability Quotient (USQ):- A Power Ratio Capturing the Transition from Instability to…

A mathematician stumbled upon an equation, the Uncertainty-Stability Quotient (USQ), during a Vipassana meditation session.
The equation compares the growth of two power expressions with slightly different exponents.
The USQ exhibits scaling behavior and a transition from instability to asymptotic certainty.
Potential applications of the equation include comparing growth rates of functions, normalization and feature engineering, and describing scaling in natural phenomena.

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Physicsworld

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How physics raised the roof: the people and places that drove the science of acoustics

Pistols in St Paul’s chronicles the development of acoustics in architecture during the first half of the 20th century, starting with a revolver experiment in St Paul's Cathedral in 1951.
Architectural acoustics evolved through innovative experiments over decades, driven by dedicated researchers like Hope Bagenal and physicist Wallace Clement Sabine.
Sabine's formula for predicting sound fading, known as reverberation time, became foundational in architectural acoustics.
Materials and interventions in venues like Royal Albert Hall and Abbey Road Studios were studied for their acoustic impact.
Acoustic design in spaces like the Glasgow Empire Exhibition concert hall showcased advancements, while wars influenced and punctuated acoustic work.
Funding wrangles, emergence of acoustic material companies, and technological advancements like tape recorders shaped architectural acoustics research.
The book delves into how research in acoustics influenced the design of Royal Festival Hall in London, the first building designed with acoustic science in mind.
While well-researched with historical photos and quotes, some repetition and lack of detailed physics explanations were noted in the book.
Overall, the book paints a vivid picture of legendary auditoria, offering a greater understanding of the physics behind music and acoustics.
Readers can gain insight into the pivotal role physics and physicists played in shaping the music heard in iconic venues like the Royal Albert Hall.

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Physicsworld

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The complex and spatially heterogeneous nature of degradation in heavily cycled Li-ion cells

Understanding the performance of heavily cycled Li-ion batteries is important for electric vehicles and grid storage.
Spatially resolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction and computed tomography are used to map and characterize the behavior of cycled cells.
Analysis and modeling of complex and spatially heterogeneous degradation require a different approach.
Single-crystal cathodes demonstrate remarkable durability after 20,000 cycles, equivalent to driving an EV for 8 million km.

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Physicsworld

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Fermilab’s Anna Grassellino: eyeing the prize of quantum advantage

The Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems (SQMS) Center, led by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Chicago, Illinois), aims to develop advanced quantum computers and sensors using technologies from particle accelerators.
Established under the US National Quantum Initiative, SQMS is funded with $115m to address scientific challenges in quantum computing and sensors with 35 partner institutions.
The focus is on extending the coherence time of superconducting quantum states for efficient information storage and processing in qubits.
SQMS has made progress in reducing decoherence in qubits, achieving improved lifetimes and performance stability in quantum processors.
The collaboration works on technology transfer, quantum processor advancements, and quantum sensors for various applications, including in particle physics and MRI research.
Research efforts include scaling cryogenic systems for more qubits per refrigerator, optimizing microwave interconnects, and building strong partnerships with industry and academic institutions.
Collaborations with companies like Rigetti and IBM focus on enhancing quantum processors, developing quantum interconnects, and simulating physics problems using quantum computing.
Partnerships with suppliers and capacity-building initiatives, like the Quantum Garage laboratory, support SQMS's quantum R&D and technology innovation goals.
SQMS plans to continue coherence research, advance 3D SRF cavity-based quantum computing, and work on scaling quantum systems for large data centers with millions of qubits.
The center emphasizes quantum workforce development through recruitment, annual educational events like the US Quantum Information Science School, and discussions on launching a master's degree in quantum engineering.

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Netflixtechblog

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Title Launch Observability at Netflix Scale

In the blog post 'Launch Observability at Netflix Scale,' Varun Khaitan discusses the strategies and architecture implemented to achieve comprehensive title observability at scale.
The introduction of observability endpoints was a key step, with each microservice in the Personalization stack required to introduce a 'Title Health' endpoint.
The endpoints were designed to accurately reflect production behavior, standardize communication, and follow the Insight Triad principle of 'Healthy,' 'why not healthy,' and 'how to fix it.'
Standardization was achieved through a stable proto request/response format, enhancing adoption, system simplicity, and debuggability for engineers.
The importance of providing detailed information in endpoint responses to aid Launch Managers and partner engineers in understanding and addressing issues was emphasized.
A high-level architecture was outlined, detailing the establishment of observability endpoints, proactive monitoring, real-time data tracking, optimized data storage, and APIs for stakeholders.
Proactive monitoring was conducted through scheduled collector jobs, ensuring title health evaluations for various Netflix rows.
Real-time Title Impressions were monitored via Kafka Queue, aggregating impressions data to assess title performance in near-real-time.
Data storage and distribution were facilitated through Hollow Feeds, allowing for efficient dissemination of health data across service boxes.
An Observability Dashboard, powered by the Health Check Engine, provided stakeholders with current title status across supported rows.

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Medium

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JWST data analysis confirms 1.138 & it’s a “Universal Constant”

1.138 is a recurring number that appears to act as a hidden universal balancing force across different structures in the cosmos.
Using empirical data, simulated models, and JWST observations, scientists explore the significance of 1.138 in bridging gaps in fundamental physics.
1.138 appears in galactic spiral formations, gravitational lensing effects, and quantum field stability, suggesting it may be a universal correction factor in the framework of space-time.
Further research is needed to test the presence of 1.138 in more galactic clusters, quantum applications, and its potential link to dark matter theory.

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