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Physicsworld

117

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Vapourware and unobtanium: why overselling is not (always) a good idea

Overselling can refer to selling more of something than exists or is required, or exaggerating a product's merits.
In the tech world, overselling often occurs when companies overstate the capabilities of their products.
Vapourware is a product that doesn't exist or fulfill stated technical capabilities, like Google Glass.
Unobtanium is a desired material or specification that doesn't currently exist, driving innovation in aerospace.
Misleading overselling can lead to scandals, like Volkswagen's diesel emissions fraud.
While overselling can attract interest, it can damage a brand if the product fails to deliver as promised.
The pursuit of unobtainium drives technical progress, as seen in advancements like single crystal turbine blades.
Vapourware can create opportunities for innovation and lead to the development of new technologies and solutions.
The case of Google Glass highlights how failed products can still contribute to advancements in other areas.
While overselling can have negative repercussions, it can also spur technological advancements and market competition.

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Sciencenewsforstudents

378

Image Credit: Sciencenewsforstudents

Much of the sun’s light is green. Why does it look yellow?

The sun emits a lot of green light, but it appears yellow or orange to us due to our eyes' perception and Earth's atmosphere scattering light.
The confusion over the sun's color comes from a misunderstanding between its peak intensity in the green spectrum and how our brains interpret the full mix of light wavelengths.
Our eyes perceive color based on three types of cone cells that respond to different wavelengths, with the sun having peak intensity in green but emitting light across the visible spectrum.
When observing the sun without Earth's atmosphere, it would appear white due to all visible wavelengths present; astronauts see the sun as white from space.

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Physicsworld

273

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Quantum twisting microscope measures phasons in cryogenic graphene

Researchers adapted the quantum twisting microscope to operate at cryogenic temperatures, enabling the observation of phasons in twisted bilayer graphene for the first time.
Phasons are specific modes of phonons that impact electron dynamics in materials like graphene, influencing properties from semiconductor to superconductor.
The quantum twisting microscope allows precise control over the relative orientation of two graphene surfaces, aiding in the study of electron behavior.
Phasons involve lattice oscillations in one layer that are out of phase with oscillations in the layer above, affecting electron transfer between the layers.
By operating at cryogenic temperatures, researchers confirmed the coupling of phasons to electrons in twisted bilayer graphene, shedding light on 'strange metals'.
The quantum twisting microscope offers a unique way to visualize phonons in moiré systems, providing insights into electron-phonon coupling.
Researchers were able to measure the increase in phason coupling as the layers of twisted bilayer graphene approached alignment, as predicted by theory.
Operating at cryogenic temperatures presented technical challenges, but allowed for the quantification of electron-phonon coupling strengths in graphene.
The study, described in Nature, marks a significant advancement in condensed matter physics, with potential for further research at the magic angle of 1.1° in graphene superconductivity.
Experts not involved in the research view it as interesting and groundbreaking, anticipating more significant results to come from low-temperature quantum twisting microscope research in graphene.

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Medium

200

Deep Integration of Moscovium in the Dual Sheet Model (DSM)

The news introduces the deep integration of Moscovium in the Dual Sheet Model (DSM) through modules explaining the foundational structure of DSM, characteristics of Moscovium, and its importance as a probe.
Module 2 delves into the scalar field dynamics in a 5D bulk, explaining core equations and the application of higher dimensions in capturing gravitational and quantum interactions.
Module 3 focuses on Moscovium's impact on nuclear decay, evaluating the modulation of nuclear binding energy and decay rate shifts via effective coupling theory.
Module 4 discusses experimental proposals and real-world testing strategies to validate DSM predictions, including decay timing measurement and conscious-correlated trials.
Module 5 explores philosophical and cosmological implications of DSM theory and Moscovium, connecting them to broader questions about reality, consciousness, and universal interconnectedness.

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Brighter Side of News

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Image Credit: Brighter Side of News

Groundbreaking hypergravity facility could revolutionize our understanding of time and space

A cutting-edge hypergravity facility named CHIEF in Hangzhou, China, is set to revolutionize scientific research with over $286.6 million in funding.
CHIEF aims to explore extreme gravity conditions beyond Earth's gravity through powerful centrifuges.
The facility will house 3 large centrifuges and 18 mobile experiment units to simulate unique stress conditions for research.
CHIEF offers interdisciplinary applications in seismic geotechnics, deep-sea research, geological modeling, and advanced material design.
Researchers at CHIEF will study natural gas hydrates, enhancing energy sustainability and environmental protection.
The facility's advanced technology allows for experiments at up to 1,900 g-t, surpassing other hypergravity centers globally.
CHIEF's supergravity geotechnical high-speed centrifuge will support major engineering technologies and cutting-edge sciences.
The project symbolizes China's commitment to scientific advancement and expansion of technological frontiers.
Professor Chen Yunmin, a key figure in the project, highlighted CHIEF's ability to simulate extreme environments and solve complex physics problems.
CHIEF's role in shaping future research in energy, materials science, and environmental engineering positions it as a global leader in hypergravity technology.

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Knowridge

178

Image Credit: Knowridge

Scientists build ultrafast optical logic gate that works at room temperature

A team of scientists has developed an ultrafast all-optical logic gate that operates at room temperature at speeds up to 240 gigahertz.
The gate is powered by light and uses polariton condensation to perform logic operations without generating heat, making it significantly faster than conventional electronic devices.
This breakthrough is a major step towards the development of optical computers that could potentially replace traditional electronics in super-fast computing systems.
The research focused on understanding polariton interactions and optimizing timing of light pulses to enhance the speed and reliability of optical systems for future technological advancements.

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Knowridge

427

Image Credit: Knowridge

Spinning star may have cracked a giant galactic “bone”

Astronomers using Chandra X-ray Observatory and radio telescopes have likely solved the mystery of a break in a massive structure near the center of Milky Way.
The structure, named G359.13, resembles a snake and is one of the largest and brightest 'bones' in the Milky Way, made of energized particles guided by magnetic fields.
New images suggest that a collision, likely involving a pulsar, caused the break in G359.13, distorting its magnetic field and warping the radio waves detected.
The discovery sheds light on the extreme objects like pulsars and their impact on the environment near the center of our galaxy, helping scientists to understand this wild region better.

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Physicsworld

174

Image Credit: Physicsworld

The mechanics behind rose petal shapes revealed

Roses have been cultivated for thousands of years, but the physical mechanism behind the shape of their petals has remained a mystery.
Researchers from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem conducted theoretical modeling and experiments with synthetic disc 'petals' to understand the formation of cusps on rose petals.
They found that the cusps on rose petals are a result of a geometric frustration mechanism called Mainardi-Codazzi-Peterson incompatibility.
This research could have applications in areas like soft robotics and spacecraft components, while also enhancing our understanding of nature's balance between growth and geometry.

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Unite

244

Image Credit: Unite

NVIDIA Cosmos: Empowering Physical AI with Simulations

NVIDIA's Cosmos platform utilizes physics simulations to generate synthetic data for training physical AI systems, reducing the cost and time associated with collecting real-world data.
Physical AI involves dealing with real-world complexities like spatial relationships and dynamic environments, posing challenges in acquiring diverse training data.
World Foundation Models (WFMs) are central to NVIDIA Cosmos, simulating virtual environments that mimic real-world physics to train AI models effectively.
NVIDIA Cosmos offers Generative WFMs, Advanced Tokenizers, and an Accelerated Data Processing Pipeline to support physical AI development.
Key features of NVIDIA Cosmos include Transfer WFMs for generating controllable video outputs and Predict WFMs for scenario forecasting.
Applications of NVIDIA Cosmos span across various industries, from advanced robotics and healthcare to autonomous vehicles and industrial mobility automation.
The platform enables faster development of safe and reliable AI systems for real-world applications, such as self-driving cars and surgical robotics.
NVIDIA Cosmos' open-source nature and powerful models are driving advancements in physical AI development, offering synthetic data for diverse use cases.
By providing realistic simulations and ethical safeguards, NVIDIA Cosmos accelerates the progress of physical AI systems in industries like transportation and healthcare.
The platform is instrumental in advancing the capabilities of AI-driven systems that interact with the physical world, impacting sectors like manufacturing and logistics.

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Medium

266

Image Credit: Medium

Dual Sheet Model: Simulation of Entanglement Bursts with Time Evolution

The Dual Sheet Model (DSM) introduces a cosmological framework suggesting the universe comprises two sheets: a matter sheet and an antimatter sheet linked by a coherence field.
Inside a rotating black hole, the DSM predicts entanglement bursts within the coherence field, enabling quantum memory transfer between sheets.
The DSM focuses on the inner horizon of a spinning black hole, where spacetime resonance leads to entanglement bursts and time reflection.
The coherence field serves as the universe's memory-keeper, pulsing near the inner horizon of a black hole to facilitate entanglement bursts.
Physicists simulate the behavior of the coherence field over time, resembling a storm building up near the black hole's inner horizon.
Entanglement bursts represent synchronization moments between matter and antimatter sheets, bridged by the coherence field in the DSM.
These bursts manifest as spikes in entanglement entropy, indicating deep connections between the sheets and potential gravitational wave signals.
The simulation of entanglement bursts and time reflections in the coherence field acts as a digital laboratory due to the inaccessibility of black hole interiors.
In the DSM, black holes are portrayed as memory engines fostering quantum communication through entanglement bursts rather than information erasers.
The model suggests potential observations like delayed gravitational wave echoes, Hawking radiation anomalies, and cosmic neutrino interference patterns if proven correct.
Ultimately, the DSM challenges conventional views on black holes, suggesting they are portals, memory repositories, and echo chambers of time and information.

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Medium

Image Credit: Medium

Survo Challenge 3: Flex Your Algorithmic Thinking in 3 Minutes with This Puzzle

Survo puzzle originated in the early 2000s as a side project and evolved from the SURVO statistical computing environment.
It is a puzzle similar to Sudoku and Kakuro, emphasizing algorithmic thinking and mathematical reasoning.
The objective is to fill numbers from 1 to 12 once, ensuring row and column sums match the given numbers.
Challenge yourself with this puzzle that requires logical deduction and a strategic approach.

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Github

398

Image Credit: Github

Building a more accessible GitHub CLI

GitHub is focused on making its tools accessible to all developers, including through the GitHub CLI that enables GitHub's functionalities in the terminal.
While web and graphical applications have accessibility standards like WCAG, the terminal lacks a comprehensive standard for accessibility.
GitHub's recent Public Preview aims to cater to users relying on screen readers, needing high contrast, and requiring customizable color options.
Improvements in the GitHub CLI target accessibility for blind, low-vision, and colorblind users by considering text output and structural cues.
Enhancements in prompts and progress indicators address challenges faced by speech synthesis screen readers, making interactions more accessible.
Color, contrast, and customization play vital roles in the terminal, and GitHub CLI works on aligning its color palettes to accommodate user preferences.
Future goals include extending accessibility improvements to extension authors, ensuring a consistent experience across all GitHub CLI commands.
The GitHub team welcomes feedback and collaboration to further enhance the accessibility of the GitHub CLI for all developers.
Adapting accessibility standards for the CLI presents both challenges and opportunities, with a focus on setting new accessibility standards for CLI tools.
GitHub encourages developers to participate, provide feedback, and contribute to building a more accessible GitHub for everyone.
The commitment to accessibility in the CLI space reflects GitHub's dedication to inclusivity and continued efforts to improve accessibility.

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Knowridge

324

Image Credit: Knowridge

New research traces heavy elements to collapsing stars

Hydrogen and helium were the only elements in the early Universe before the formation of heavier elements like carbon, silica, and iron through stellar nucleosynthesis.
A team of researchers from Los Alamos National Laboratory explored the origin of the heaviest elements on the periodic table, proposing a scenario involving collapse of stars and the production of free neutrons to form heavy elements like thorium and uranium.
Their findings suggest that gamma-ray bursts from collapsed stars could create conditions for heavy element formation through neutron-capture processes, contributing to the understanding of the origins of elements like plutonium and uranium.
Further research and simulations are planned to validate this proposed framework, which could also explain phenomena like kilonova and address key questions in physics and cosmology.

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Physicsworld

394

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Ferenc Krausz explains how ultrashort laser pulses could help detect disease

Nobel laureate Ferenc Krausz discusses using ultrashort-pulsed laser technology for early disease detection.
He is the director of the Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and a professor at LMU Munich in Germany.
Krausz is also the CEO of the Center for Molecular Fingerprinting in Budapest, Hungary.
He collaborates with Semmelweis University and is involved in the Science4People initiative for education in war-affected regions.

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Popsci

105

Image Credit: Popsci

What makes smoke black versus white?

During papal elections, black smoke indicates no pope chosen, while white smoke signifies a new pope.
Black smoke results from burning heavy fuels or synthetic materials, indicating carbon presence.
In 2013, black smoke was created using potassium perchlorate, anthracene, and sulfur.
White smoke signals a fire generating gas or water vapor, accelerating combustion through oxidizers.
Previous conclaves used potassium chlorate, lactose, and chloroform resin for white smoke.
Firefighters analyze smoke color, velocity, and intensity to assess fire behavior and make informed decisions.
Smoke's anger can indicate imminent flashovers, helping firefighters avoid dangerous situations.
Smoke inhalation is a major cause of injury and death in fires due to aerosols, gases, and particulates.
Viewers should watch for smoke signals from the Sistine Chapel chimney post prayers, discussions, and vote counting.
Scheduled times to observe smoke emission during the conclave include 7 p.m., 10:30 a.m., noon, 5:30 p.m., and post 7 p.m.

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