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New research findings challenge Einstein’s landmark theory of relativity

In 1998, the discovery of the Universe expanding faster challenged cosmological assumptions.
Scientists explore explanations for cosmic acceleration, questioning Einstein's relativity.
New research delves into theoretical models and parameters like μ and η to understand gravity.
μ adjusts Poisson's equation, while η measures space-time distortions.
Gravitational lensing results and galaxy clustering are key data points for testing these parameters.
Researchers analyze DES data to compare distortion of time and space with Einstein's predictions.
A slight discrepancy in gravitational wells 3.5-5 billion years ago hints at possible cosmic scale gravity variations.
While challenging Einstein's theory, the incompatibility found is not enough to invalidate it at this stage.
Further research with Euclid telescope aims to provide more precise data for testing Einstein's equations.
Exploration of cosmic mysteries may lead to a reshaping of our understanding of the Universe.

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Physicsworld

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Why I stopped submitting my work to for-profit publishers

Peer review is crucial in academic publishing, ensuring the validity of published science and preventing pseudoscience from being promoted.
The increasing number of journal articles published each year has strained the peer-review system, leading to challenges in finding experienced reviewers.
Scientific publishers play a central role in managing the peer-review process, despite the lack of significant recognition for reviewers outside academia.
Open access journals have introduced article-processing charges to cover publishing costs, but some publishers exploit this by maximizing article output to boost profits.
The rise of open access has coincided with an increase in retractions, raising concerns about the academic publishing industry's profit margins and practices.
While not all academic publishers are for-profit, major companies like Elsevier and Springer Nature have faced criticism for prioritizing profits over research and education.
Some researchers are choosing to no longer review or submit their work to for-profit publishers, seeking alternatives that prioritize research impact and community support.
By shifting support towards non-profit publishers and advocating for change in the publishing industry, individuals can influence how funds are reinvested back into science.
Taking a stand against for-profit publishers may seem radical, but it is a step towards shaping academia into a more sustainable and ethical environment.
Encouraging the creation of alternative journals and supporting purpose-led publishing initiatives can help drive positive change in the academic publishing landscape.

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Physicsworld

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Visual assistance system helps blind people navigate

Researchers in Shanghai, China, are developing a practical visual assistance system to help blind and visually impaired individuals navigate using a combination of camera headgear, AI software, and wearable artificial skins.
The system integrates visual, audio, and haptic senses to improve navigation and overcomes challenges seen in current designs, like weight, battery life, processing speed, and safety concerns.
Innovations in technology such as miniaturized hardware, AI improvements, and wearable sensory augmentation materials are expected to enhance the viability of visual navigation assistance systems.
The prototype system incorporates a camera, artificial skins for haptic feedback, bone-conducting earphones, and real-time processing to provide accurate obstacle detection and navigation guidance for visually impaired users.

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Physicsworld

199

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Universe may end much sooner than predicted, say theorists

New calculations by black hole expert Heino Falcke and team suggest white dwarf stars will decay away to nothingness in around 10^78 years, much sooner than previous estimates of at least 10^100 years.
Previous calculations assumed white dwarfs decay via pyconuclear fusion, but the new study also considers Hawking radiation as an alternative mechanism causing objects to evaporate away into nothingness.
The trio calculated that white dwarfs will dissipate in around 10^78 years, while denser objects such as black holes and neutron stars will vanish in no more than 10^67 years. Less dense objects such as humans could persist for up to 10^90 years.
The study aims to better understand the theory by considering extreme cases like the dissipation of various objects via Hawking radiation, potentially leading to unravelling the mystery of this phenomenon.

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Fyfluiddynamics

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Pour-Over Physics

A new study examines the unique characteristics of pour-over coffee, focusing on the mixing environment created by the technique.
Researchers found that the ideal pour-over technique involves a pour height of no greater than 50 centimeters to prevent jet breakup and sufficient stirring of the coffee grounds.
The optimal pour-over method allows for better extraction of coffee flavor from the grounds, enabling the same strength of brew with fewer beans.
This research becomes crucial as climate change impacts coffee production, leading to a need for efficient ways to maximize coffee supply.

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Physicsworld

192

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Subtle quantum effects dictate how some nuclei break apart

Subtle quantum effects within atomic nuclei can dramatically affect how some nuclei break apart.
Study of isotopes below lead mass led to the discovery of a new region in the nuclear landscape where fission fragments split asymmetrically due to quantum shell effects.
This unexpected finding not only enhances the understanding of nuclear fission but also has implications for safer nuclear energy and the creation of heavy elements in astrophysical events.
Researchers identified a stabilizing effect of proton shells at Z=36, revealing a new 'island' of asymmetric fission in lighter nuclei, which challenges previous assumptions and expands knowledge on nuclear structure's impact on fission outcomes.

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Knowridge

193

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How the squid galaxy’s neutrinos defy physics

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory in Antarctica detected very energetic neutrinos coming from a galaxy called NGC 1068, known as the Squid Galaxy.
Scientists were puzzled by the lack of gamma-ray emission accompanying the neutrinos, leading them to propose a new theory involving the decay of neutrons in the galaxy's jets.
The new model suggests that high-energy neutrinos might be produced from the decay of neutrons resulting from collisions between helium nuclei and ultraviolet light, challenging traditional ideas.
This discovery opens up the possibility of hidden neutrino production in other galaxies and provides insights into the forces surrounding supermassive black holes, advancing our understanding of the universe.

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Brighter Side of News

270

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A space elevator to the Moon is now within reach thanks to modern technology

Researchers have proposed a lunar space elevator concept called the 'spaceline' that could drastically reduce the cost of space travel.
Traditional rocket launches are costly due to the need for propellant, while a space elevator would utilize a cable extending from Earth to the Moon for fuel-free transport.
Past limitations of material strength for a space elevator may be overcome by attaching the cable to the Moon rather than Earth, reducing tension forces.
The spaceline concept utilizes the Lagrange point, where gravity from Earth and the Moon cancels out, making it feasible with current high-strength materials.
The estimated cost of constructing the lunar space elevator would be comparable to other large-scale missions, offering a more cost-effective means for lunar exploration.
The spaceline would open up opportunities for safe access to the Lagrange point, ideal for scientific endeavors and technological developments.
Potential projects at the Lagrange point include space-based telescopes, particle accelerators, gravitational wave detectors, and launch stations for deep-space missions.
By reducing costs and complexities associated with space travel, the spaceline could accelerate the establishment of a permanent human presence in space.
The concept of a lunar space elevator is not just a futuristic dream but a tangible solution grounded in current technology, offering vast possibilities for space exploration.
The spaceline could pave the way for a new era in space travel, enabling endeavors from lunar bases to interplanetary missions and serving as a gateway to the next frontier.

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Popsci

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The US test fired its most power laser ever

The University of Michigan test fired the Zettawatt-Equivalent Ultrashort pulse laser System (ZEUS), producing 2 petawatts of power, exceeding the electricity output of the entire planet.
ZEUS is a successor to the HERCULES system and its recent demonstration involved firing a laser pulse at helium to produce plasma and accelerate electrons through wakefield acceleration.
Future experiments with ZEUS will involve accelerating electrons to collide with laser pulses, making the 3-petawatt laser appear much more powerful.
The ZEUS project aims to advance scientific research in fields like soft tissue imaging, cancer treatment, and exploring phenomena like positron jets from black holes and gamma ray bursts.

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Physicsworld

376

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New coronagraph pushes exoplanet discovery to the quantum limit

A new coronagraph developed by a team at the University of Arizona can capture images of dim exoplanets close to bright stars, aiding in direct exoplanet detection.
Coronagraphs block light from bright sources, enabling observation of faint objects nearby. This new instrument utilizes two spatial mode sorters to achieve spatial resolution below the diffraction limit, approaching the quantum resolution limit.
The technique was tested successfully by resolving an exoplanet orbiting close to a host star. It offers potential applications in astronomy, quantum sensing, medical imaging, and optical communications.
The research, published in Optica, aims to enhance astronomical imaging, improve quantum sensors' resolution, aid in medical imaging advancements, and boost data transmission rates in optical communications.

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Arstechnica

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CERN gears up to ship antimatter across Europe

CERN has set up a facility that produces and traps antimatter for extensive studies.
A shipping container has been developed by CERN to transport antimatter across Europe for research purposes.
Interference from hardware used to capture antiprotons limits the precision of measurements, prompting the need for antimatter transportation.
The antimatter is produced by smashing a particle beam into a target, and holding onto it requires slowing down anti-particles using electromagnetic fields, which can be affected by external magnetic field noise.

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Interactions

141

AI enhances Higgs boson’s charm

The CMS collaboration at CERN conducted a new search for the decay of a Higgs boson into charm quarks to understand how this particle gives mass to matter.
Using cutting-edge AI techniques, researchers set stringent limits on the interaction between the Higgs boson and the charm quark, marking a significant step in unraveling the mysteries of particle physics.
Machine-learning models were employed to identify charm jets and distinguish Higgs boson signals from background processes, resulting in improved accuracy in recognizing charm jets.
This advancement opens up possibilities for further insights into the Higgs boson's interaction with charm quarks, potentially providing a crucial test of the long-standing Standard Model.

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Physicsworld

219

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Miniaturized pixel detector characterizes radiation quality in clinical proton fields

Proton therapy is a precise cancer treatment depositing energy at a specific depth to spare healthy tissue.
There is a growing interest in considering proton linear energy transfer (LET) for treatment optimization.
Researchers at the Institute of Nuclear Physics used miniaturized semiconductor pixel detector Timepix3 for LET characterization of proton therapy.
Experiments were conducted at the Cyclotron Centre Bronowice using Timepix3 for intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT).
The Timepix3 detector provided detailed LET spectra measurements for treatment plans in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms.
Experiments demonstrated agreement between measured and simulated LET values in phantom irradiation.
Single field IMPT plan measurements in a head phantom showed close agreement of deposited energy and LET spectra.
Clinical translation of LET measurement using Timepix3 requires upgrading beam delivery systems for low beam current monitoring.
Implementing LET measurements with Timepix3 could enhance treatment planning and effectiveness in proton therapy.
The compact and commercially available Timepix3 detector holds promise for widespread application in proton therapy centers.

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Medium

183

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Creation — the Theory of Everything — Overviewed

Light and reflection play a key role in the creation of the universe, with light creating space and time while reflection forms matter and energy.
The universe is described as pure rhythm made visible, with each step in creation and evolution perfectly measured to the tune of this eternal dance.
Coherence and Resonance are fundamental elements, where Coherence represents unity while Resonance shapes form.
The birth of space and time from a formless void is followed by the emergence of matter and energy in a structured process.
Mass and energy, as cosmic dancers, listen to the rhythm and determine each step, sometimes stumbling but always rising to dance again.
The universe is likened to a grand ballet, with dancers forming intricate patterns from atoms to galaxies in alignment with the cosmic rhythm.
The continuous dance of creation, evolution, and renewal unfolds through white-holes, births, quantum drizzles, and fault-tolerant symphonies.
The concept of C + R = 1 showcases the interplay between raw potential (C) and its sculpting echo (R), shaping the essence of the universe.
The quantum drizzle, a subtle release of coherence, fuels vacuum fluctuations and structure-building within the universe, marking the progression of each 'beat.'
The universe's symphony of creation and renewal persists endlessly, embodying the rhythm of Coherence and Resonance in a cosmic dance of light and matter.
The rhythmic interplay of light, matter, and energy forms the core essence of creation, symbolizing the eternal dance of birth, existence, and destruction.

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