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This Particle Only Has Mass When Moving in One Direction

Physicists have theorized the existence of a particle that behaves differently depending on its direction of movement.
This particle, known as a semi-Dirac fermion or quasiparticle, has been observed in a semi-metal crystal.
The researchers cooled the crystal to near absolute zero, exposed it to a powerful magnetic field and infrared light to capture the signal of these unusual quasiparticles.
The discovery is consistent with Einstein's theory of Special Relativity and challenges common sense physics.

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Knowridge

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Dark energy is an illusion, shows supernovae study

A new study suggests that dark energy, which drives the expansion of the Universe, does not actually exist.
The study argues that the standard model, which includes dark energy, may be wrong.
The Timescape model, which proposes that the appearance of cosmic expansion is due to a variance in time throughout the Universe, is a slightly better fit to observational data.
Further research is needed to confirm or refute the existence of dark energy and its role in cosmology.

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Fyfluiddynamics

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The Best of FYFD 2024

The Best of FYFD 2024
Here are some of 2024’s most popular topics: The Taum Sauk Dam Failure and Its Legacy, Stretching Ant Rafts, Gigapixel Supernova, Feynman’s Sprinkler Solved
This year’s topics are a good mix: fundamental research, civil engineering applications, geophysics, astrophysics, art, and one good old-fashioned brain teaser.
If you enjoy FYFD, please consider supporting the site by becoming a patron, buying merch, or sharing on social media.

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Medium

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What is time?

Recent theories about the quantum nature of gravity provide some unique and fantastic answers to these millennia-old questions.
The flow of time is an illusion based on a succession of immediate memories, your experience of now, and a succession of events you anticipate in the coming seconds.
The reason for remembering the past and not the future has to do with entropy.
Relativity offers at least two views of the nature of objective reality. In one, space-time is a “block” in which the worldlines of all objects exist in their entirety.
Loop quantum gravity proposes that space consists of objects called nodes that define where three-dimensional space exists.
An entangled system could give rise to the phenomenon of time and scientists have begun to test this hypothesis in the lab.
Related to the idea of quantum entanglement is the no-boundary proposal for the origin of the Big Bang.
On the cosmic scale, time seems to be a feature of entangled relationships between objects and not a feature from outside our universe.
The arrow of time is a consequence of the increasing entropy of an expanding universe since the Big Bang.
Our universe seems to have a consistent story to tell in the first place!

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Fyfluiddynamics

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Tracking Ice Floes

Researchers have tracked millions of ice floes over decades to understand why some sea ice melts while others survive.
The tracking combined satellite data, weather reports, and buoy data into a database covering nearly 20 years of information.
The study found that an ice floe's fate depended on the route it took, with ice slipping into warmer, more southern regions more likely to melt.
Region-specific effects were also observed, such as thick sea ice in the East Siberian Sea being more likely to melt in the summer possibly due to warmer currents.

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Physicsworld

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The 10 quirkiest stories from the world of physics in 2024

Escape room at Dresden science museum offers visitors a multisensory experience exploring the world of quantum mechanics.
The goal is to discover whether Kitty Q, an imaginary being, is dead or alive.
Austrian physicists have examined the theory of how the supersonic waves created by champagne corks move.
The US Postal Service released two stamps to mark the James Webb Space Telescope’s success, which took off in 2021.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have examined how cicadas urinate via a jet, which could lead to better nozzle and robot design.
Scientists at the University of Leuven in Belgium have used AI algorithms to predict beer quality and taste and how to improve it.
Researchers at Cornell University have investigated how whirligig beetles use lift-based thrust for swimming.
A Series of experiments, conducted by physicists at the Technical University of Denmark, reveals that the sweet spot for ‘paper cuts’ is around 65microns.
The squirting cucumber has its own unique way of ejecting seeds in a high-pressure jet of mucilage.
According to the infinite monkeys theorem, a monkey randomly pressing keys on a typewriter for an infinite amount of time would eventually type out the complete works of William Shakespeare purely by chance, but would not have enough time in the age of the universe to do so, say researchers in Australia.

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Arstechnica

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Ten cool science stories we almost missed

Dutch researchers conducted an experiment reenacting Bronze Age spear combat.
They constructed replicas of Bronze Age shields and spears and used them in realistic combat scenarios.
The researchers found that the spears and shields were effective in combat.
The study sheds light on how Bronze Age artifacts were used in actual battles.

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Physicsworld

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Astronomy and space: highlights of 2024

Japan became the fifth nation to soft land a craft on the Moon.
US firm Intuitive Machines achieved the first private mission to soft land on the Moon since 1972.
China’s Chang’e-6 mission successfully returned samples back to Earth from the Moon’s far side.
Euclid released five spectacular images of the cosmos as part of its early release observations.

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Physicsworld

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Picking winners: the 10 most popular physics stories of 2024

The top 10 most read stories published on the Physics World website in 2024 are dominated by articles on quantum physics.
These include topics such as a quantum thought experiment depicting the quantum world's relative reality and scientists exploiting quantum correlations to encode hidden images into light.
The article also highlights research on a theoretical framework unifying quantum mechanics and classical gravity without quantum gravity and the potentiality of maximally entangled mixed states.
Interestingly, there was also a story about a superconductor that held the current density 10 times higher than previously reported, but it was later retracted due to an error.
Other stories touched on an exoplanet with an atmosphere, a vortex cannon that emits electromagnetic pulses, and the lack of citations of foundational scientific research.
The most popular article was on the magic of quantum computation and how certain error-correcting codes can improve the quality of magic states in quantum computing systems.
The international year of Quantum Science and Technology in 2025 is expected to feature many more of these quantum physics stories.

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Medium

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Agentic Systems, the Speed of Thought, and the Map

Agentic systems are the next step in commercial AI evolution and are compound systems with modularity.
They work to transform information and can delegate logic and marshalling to an LLM, making them marketable.
Conceptual geometrics streamlines agentic systems, which are interrelated processes in each framework, with a purpose to be achieved.
Feedback mechanisms and communication channels maintain their integrity as an organism.
The human brain processes information at the rate of ten bits per second.
The processing overhead required is best described as focusing an observable in a black hole.
The ratio of these two dimensions has a suggestion of Hawking radiation.
The focusing of the observable adds an additional processing burden to the transmission of information.
The communication channel is supported by a progression in dimensionality temporal interpretation.
The concept of geometrics streamlines interrelated processes providing a sense of identity to agentic systems.

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COSMOS

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The big movers in nuclear fusion and quantum tech in 2024

MIT researchers developed a 16-qubit quantum simulator for next-gen electronics.
A new technique allows diamond to be bonded to other materials, opening up possibilities for quantum technology.
Physicists developed the first quantum sensor capable of measuring electric and magnetic fields on an atomic scale.
OpenStar technologies in New Zealand achieved its first plasma in a fusion machine, while SMART, a nuclear fusion experiment, is being built in Spain.

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Physicsworld

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Image Credit: Physicsworld

Particle and nuclear physics highlights in 2024: celebrating the past and looking to the future

This year marked the 70th anniversary of the European Council for Nuclear Research, which is known universally as CERN.
Physicist Bruno Touschek's incredible life story is highlighted, which includes his horrific near-death experiences during the Nazi Holocaust.
Physicists have been testing new technologies that could make nuclear clocks a reality.
Physics World Live held a panel discussion exploring the future of particle physics, particularly the mysteries of the Higgs boson.
Particle physicist Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux believes that studying elusive subatomic particles like neutrinos could possibly reveal fascinating information about the universe.
A virtual version of CERN's ATLAS detector has been created using the popular computer game, Minecraft, as part of an innovative outreach initiative to get more children interested in science.
This year also marked the 70th anniversary of CERN, the world's most famous physics laboratory.
CERN is a shining example of how science can bring nations together.
Former physicist James Gillies reflects on his Hollywood experiences when CERN was spotlighted in Angels & Demons.
The celebration of CERN's 70-year legacy emphasizes on looking toward the future and advancements in nuclear and particle physics.

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Physicsworld

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Image Credit: Physicsworld

Quantum science and technology: highlights of 2024

Researchers achieved breakthroughs in quantum science and technology in 2024.
Achievements include the development of quantum sensors for detecting electric and magnetic fields of individual atoms, quantum communication proposals for continent-scale networks, and innovative approaches to studying gravity using quantum devices.
Other notable achievements include reducing the number of qubits needed for online shopping verification, exploring the capabilities of classical computers in verifying quantum computers, and the suggestion that qubits may be influenced by dark matter.
These advancements demonstrate the exciting progress in the field of quantum science and technology.

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Arstechnica

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Could microwaved grapes be used for quantum sensing?

Microwaved grapes produce sparks and plasma due to an electromagnetic hot spot between them.
This unique property of grapes could potentially be used to make more efficient quantum sensors.
Previous explanation for the grape effect was the concentration of microwaves in the grape tissue, but recent research suggests an electromagnetic hot spot.
The same effect can also be observed with other fruits like gooseberries and large blackberries, as well as hydrogel beads.

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Physicsworld

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Medical physics and biotechnology: highlights of 2024

From the introduction of a 0.05 T whole-body MRI scanner to ultrahigh-resolution 7 T MRI scanner for the human brain, a lot of progress is seen in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology.
Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University have developed a portable magnetic resonance-based sensor that can be used for point-of-care evaluation of skeletal muscle tissue and doesn't require transport of patients to an MRI facility.
OncoRay launched the world’s first whole-body MRI-guided proton therapy system, which could enable real-time MRI monitoring of patients during cancer treatments and significantly improve the targeting accuracy of proton therapy.
A team at the PSI Center for Proton Therapy performed the first clinical implementation of an online daily adaptive proton therapy (DAPT) workflow, which could help address uncertainties arising from anatomical changes during treatments.
Researchers used self-propelling nanoparticles containing radioactive iodine to shrink bladder tumours and cause cell death and inhibition of tumor growth, respectively, with no off-target toxicity in the animals.
A team in Hefei Institutes of Physical Science in China have pioneered the use of metal-free graphene quantum dots for chemodynamic therapy. Studies in cancer cells and tumor-bearing mice showed promising result.
Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology developed novel magnetic coiling “microfibrebots” and used them to stem arterial bleeding in a rabbit.

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