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Title Launch Observability at Netflix Scale

Netflix faces challenges with managing over a thousand global content launches each month, ensuring success and discoverability of each title is essential and challenging.
System metrics like error rates and CPU utilization are essential, but metrics that matter to the title's success is challenging to track.
Logging all titles and utilizing historical data is an option to monitor and analyze title launches. Still, it presents challenges in proactive issue detection and appropriate accuracy.
Introducing observability endpoints across all systems, enabling real-time monitoring of system performance, and capturing system responses ahead of time, is a centralized solution to prioritize title launch observability.
Observability endpoints provide precise data on title inclusions and exclusions, allowing accurate assertions about system behavior and title visibility- Netflix chose to adopt a solution that is scalable and cost-effective.
Choosing this option requires several systems to establish new endpoints, refactor their codebases while not creating synchronization issues for endpoint production behavior.
Netflix ensures the successful launch and discovery of titles across the platform by adopting a comprehensive observability strategy that includes real-time monitoring, proactive issue detection, and source of truth reconciliation.
Netflix dives into how they achieved comprehensive observability strategy in the next part of this series, sharing key technical insights and details.
The key challenge for Netflix is providing accurate, timely answers for increasingly complex queries about title performance and discoverability.
Netflix is committed to building robust systems that deliver comprehensive observability- allowing them to take full accountability for every title on their service to connect every story with the right audience to delight their members.

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Physicsworld

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Image Credit: Physicsworld

Inner workings of the neutron illuminated by Jefferson Lab experiment

Researchers used the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer to study the structure of the neutron.
By examining the scattering of high-energy electrons from a deuterium target.
The team used the Central Neutron Detector to detect neutrons, which are not charged particles.
The researchers have helped to determine parton distributions for both protons and neutrons.
The detection of neutrons has allowed for a greater understanding of the differences between protons and neutrons.
The detection of neutrons has allowed scientists to detect the precise contributions of individual quark flavors.
The team’s findings will help to address the aforementioned “spin crisis”.
The team will conduct a new experiment firing electrons at a polarized target with greater accuracy.
The team believes that this experiment is a big step towards completing various experiments that are necessary for a complete understanding.
The research is described in Physical Review Letters.

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Fyfluiddynamics

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A Seismic Warning for the Tongan Eruption

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcano had a massive eruption in mid-January 2022, destroying an island, generating a tsunami, and covering Tonga in ash.
Researchers discovered that the HTHH eruption generated a surface-level seismic wave picked up by detectors 750 kilometers away approximately 15 minutes before the eruption.
The seismic wave suggests that the oceanic crust beneath the volcano fractured, allowing seawater and magma to mix, triggering the eruption.
Real-time monitoring of distant seismic signals could provide valuable early warning of future eruptions.

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Medium

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Design for Testing (DfT): Why it matters (part one)

Design for Testing (DfT) is important in achieving higher testing maturity.
Design practices that incorporate testing into development play a vital role.
Increasing cohesion and loose coupling among software objects is crucial in architectural design.
Concentric architectures like Hexagonal, Clean, and Onion introduce the concept of shielding internal layers from external dependencies.
Dependency flows should point inwards, towards the Domain Layer, in a three-layer architecture.
Breaking down testing into categories and determining strategies should be applied to each one.
TDD advocates for testing and development to be a single endeavor.
Writing tests for the business object helps to alert developers to unnatural tight coupling between objects.
Spring conventions enforce dependency inversion since it utilizes indirection as targets for dependency injection.
Design for testing provides freedom to evolve the system if desired, and one of its side effects is ensuring code coverage.

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Physicsworld

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Immiscible ice layers may explain why Uranus and Neptune lack magnetic poles

The absence of well-defined north and south magnetic poles in Uranus and Neptune may be explained by the presence of immiscible ice layers in their interiors.
Simulations performed at the University of California, Berkeley suggest that the disorganized magnetic fields of these ice giant planets arise from the separation of icy fluids within them.
Laboratory experiments of fluids at high pressures and a proposed mission to Uranus in the 2040s could help test this theory.
Understanding the structure and evolution of Uranus and Neptune could provide insights into ice giants found in exoplanetary systems as well.

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Physicsworld

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Quantum uncertainty and wave–particle duality are equivalent, experiment shows

The relationship between measurement uncertainty and preparation uncertainty has never been experimentally demonstrated in quantum mechanics, however, physicists in Europe have shown it to be equivalent and confirmed a theoretical prediction that a minimum level of uncertainty must always result when a measurement is made on a quantum object.
The famous double-slit thought experiment exists because of wave–particle duality in quantum mechanics. If the trajectories of a particle are observed such that it is known which slit each particle travelled through, no interference pattern is seen.
In 2014, Patrick Coles and colleagues at the National University of Singapore showed theoretically that measurement uncertainty and preparation uncertainty were equivalent.
Guilherme Xavier at colleagues at Linköping University in Sweden set out to test the theoretical prediction that a minimum level of uncertainty must always result when a measurement is made on a quantum object.
The team sent highly attenuated, mostly single-photon laser pulses in two possible orthogonal orbital angular momentum states down an optical fibre to an input beamsplitter.
By placing a second modulator before a tunable beamsplitter and adjusting the phase with which the two paths met, it was possible to control the extent to which the second beamsplitter actually behaved as a beamsplitter.
The results were consistent with the 2014 theoretical prediction by Coles and colleagues.
The Linköping team plans to develop practical applications of its technology and look at the implementation of some actual quantum communication protocols.
The experiment confirms an important prediction that has been in the literature for over a decade.
The research is described in Science Advances.

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Physicsworld

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Space agency leaders express fears and hopes for the future

The world is more volatile, unpredictable, and dangerous, according to UK Space Agency (UKSA) deputy chief executive Chris White-Horne.
Space infrastructure vulnerability is a challenge for the entire sector, including government, academia, and space system manufacturers and operators.
UKSA chief executive Paul Bate highlights positive changes in the space sector, including a significant increase in orbital launches and the improvement of industry demographics.
Bate emphasizes the importance of diversity in the space sector and the need to attract talent from diverse backgrounds to solve complex problems.

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Knowridge

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Scientists detect antimatter version of Hyperhelium-4: A new milestone in physics

Scientists at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have discovered antihyperhelium-4, the antimatter version of hyperhelium-4.
This discovery provides valuable insights into antimatter and the matter-antimatter imbalance in the universe.
Hyperhelium-4 is a rare hypernucleus consisting of protons, neutrons, and hyperons.
The study also confirms equal production rates of matter and antimatter hypernuclei, contributing to our understanding of the early universe.

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Knowridge

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Antimatter propulsion is still far away, but it could change everything

Scientists have long dreamed of developing a propulsion system using antimatter for space exploration.
Antimatter, one of the rarest substances in the universe, has the potential to provide significant force over a long time.
However, the practical use of antimatter is challenging due to its self-annihilation property and the difficulty of creating and containing it.
The high energy requirements and costs associated with antimatter production hinder its widespread research and implementation.

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Physicsworld

201

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Laser beam casts a shadow in a ruby crystal

Particles of light – photons – when a laser beam is illuminated by another light through a highly nonlinear medium can cast shadow
This can happen in media that absorb light in a highly nonlinear way. Most materials become more transparent in presence of a strong laser field and produce an “anti-shadow” that is even brighter than the background.
To produce “reverse saturation of absorption” or “saturable transmission” four conditions are required to be met.
Ruby is an aluminium oxide crystal that contains impurities of chromium atoms and is found to absorb more of the illuminating blue light, creating the laser beam's shadow echoing the object's shape.
This shadow behaves like an ordinary shadow and can be controlled by another laser beam
A theoretical model predicts the darkness of the shadow will increase as a function of the power of the green laser beam.
Laser shadow creation is based on the interaction of polaritons and not photons and can be useful in devices where we need to control the transmission of laser beams with another laser beam
Future research will focus on other materials and combinations of wavelengths that might produce a similar “laser shadow” effect

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Sciencenewsforstudents

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Shark intestines inspire pipes with a strictly one-way flow

Researchers have developed pipes that keep liquids flowing in one direction without valves, inspired by the corkscrew-shaped guts of sharks.
Shark intestines coils around and around, holding the key to one-way flow of partly digested food through a shark’s intestines.
Chemist Sarah Keller teamed up with physicist Ido Levin and materials chemist Alshakim Nelson at the University of Washington in Seattle to study how the biological effect occurs inside tubes.
They 3D printed rigid tubes and 3D printed a set of tubes that could flex. And varied the angle of the helix and how much of the tube a helix covered.
The team measured the rate of flow coming out of the pipes after hooking them up to flowing water and comparing the flow of water when the helix was pointing down versus when it was pointing up.
Water flowed two to three times faster when the helix pointed down.
A soft tube worked even better. Water flowed 15 times faster when it was pushed through a soft tube with the helix pointing down compared with when it pointed up.
Helix pipes that are 15 times faster might replace valves in hard-to-reach locations in drainage systems or systems where one-way flow is essential.
Whatever inspires a big scientific breakthrough, the possibilities with everyday things can lead to extraordinary progress.
More work needs to be done to figure out why bending the pipe sped up the flow.

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Physicsworld

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Image Credit: Physicsworld

What physics metaphor do you think needs to be experimentally verified?

Physics World’s Richard Miller discusses physics metaphors that could benefit from empirical testing.
The use of the metaphor compares slamming particles in accelerators to firing a gun at a watch to see what is inside.
Physicist Dr David Miller has compared the function of the Higgs boson to a room of people and celebrities interacting within that space.
While these, and other physics metaphors cited, remain untested empirically, the question remains whether or not the reliability of physicist’s statements about what goes on inside atoms are accurate.
Dr Gino Elia from Stony Brook University highlights one example in which probability distribution could be likened to relatives not attending Thanksgiving dinner.
With incorrect metaphors commonly used in literature and music, the article asks should it be acceptable to use them in physics?
The relevance of metaphors to human beings and the experiences they provide remain important, ultimately highlighting the importance of clarity in communication whether or not the metaphors are accurate.
Continuing from the discussion, the author invites readers to submit their favourite physics metaphor and discuss whether it has been empirically tested and why it matters.

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Slack

369

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Migration Automation: Easing the Jenkins → GHA shift with help from AI

Slack's CI has moved from Jenkins to GitHub Actions and an intern created a conversion tool that could automatically migrate Jenkins pipelines to GitHub Actions.
The tool is expected to cut migration time by half and to save over 1,300 hours.
The successful project is focused on the conversion tool and the 7 week journey to design, implement, and improve it.
A few useful tools were identified for the company to convert Jenkins to GHA including the GitHub Actions Importer.
Python scripting will be used and Large Language Models (LLMs) were used for any errors that could not be fixed with regular expressions.
The implementation of the corrections tool, to correct the Importer’s workflows, ends with the bird's eye view and the implementation architecture.
The impact of the tool is discussed with projected savings of over 1,300 hours and is projected to save 80% of the time to move every Jenkins pipeline to GHA.
End-user feedback on the tool has arrived and there are a few errors in the generated workflows. However, Slack's internal communication and collaboration have proven effective in updating solutions.
Slack is currently hiring GHA specialists.
The conversion from Jenkins to GHA has enabled Slack developers to have workflow files with few, if any, flaws.

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Medium

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[Nov] ML Community — Highlights and Achievements

NeurIPS 2024 blog is a self-generating blog that provides AI paper summaries. It is powered by Paper Reviewer, which is another project by Chansung Park, that turns arXiv papers into blog posts with audio podcasts.
Yucheng Wang shares his experience of 15 years with the Google Developer community in his retrospective blog post titled ‘Reflections on Fifteen Years of Growth Alongside Google. He highlights the value of continuous learning, collaboration and interaction with Googlers.
AI/ML Community Summit, the yearly gathering of the most active members of AI/ML GDEs and community organizers took place in November 2024. Participants shared their activity highlights, feedback to Google’s programs and products and also updated Google’s Gemma, JAX and Keras teams.
AI/ML GDE Dimitre Oliveira (Brazil) shares a tutorial about creating podcast-style audio content using generative AI. The article outlines how to use Gemini and Cloud Speech API to create a DIY version of the NotebookLM tool.
Bhavesh Bhatt (India) wins 1st Prize in the Professionals Track of Cosmocloud Low-Code Hackathon with the Gemini-powered solution, CosmoGemini. It enables enterprise RAG using Cosmocloud backend no-code solution.
Daniel Gwerzman (UK) shares an article about using Gemini’s multimodal capabilities to build an app that recognizes book titles from the photos of bookshelves and also provides an audio description of the content.
Xiaoquan Kong (China) and his team won the Duke University’s AI Hackathon Education Track with a Gemini-powered app. The app records and analyzes footage from your point of view to refresh your memory.
Xavier Portilla Edo (Spain) builds Plato Assistant, a Gemini-powered app available to help you cook nutritious meals for babies of all ages. It simplifies the process of planning, preparing, and cooking meals tailored to your baby’s specific dietary needs.
AI/ML GDE Linda Lawton (Denmark) shares a tutorial that explains how to embark on a comprehensive analysis of web server log files within Docker containers by leveraging Gemini's exceptional long context window capabilities. She discusses how to uncover hidden patterns, identify root causes of unclear issue and proactively address possible security issues.
Liu Yu-Wei (Taiwan) provides a step-by-step guide on using the Gemini API through the OpenAI Python SDK. There are sample code and a tutorial on analyzing the results of 2024 WBSC Premier 12.

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Knowridge

341

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Small but mighty: MIT scientists spot tiny asteroids in the main belt

Astronomers at MIT have discovered the smallest asteroids ever detected in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
These tiny asteroids, some as small as 10 meters across, could still have a significant impact if they were to reach Earth.
Using a new approach called "shift and stack", researchers identified over 100 tiny asteroids, shedding light on their origins and potential paths towards Earth.
Studying these asteroids helps scientists understand the evolution of asteroids and aids in planetary defense to track potential collision risks.

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