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Physicsworld

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Molecular engineering and battery recycling: developing new technologies in quantum, medicine and energy

The podcast episode discusses advancements in molecular engineering and battery recycling in the Chicago metropolitan area.
Nadya Mason, the dean of the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago, focuses on quantum engineering, materials for sustainability, and immunoengineering.
Jeffrey Spangenberger leads the Materials Recycling Group at Argonne National Laboratory, working on recycling batteries and advancing technologies for recovering materials from future batteries.
A conference on Commercialising Quantum Global 2025 in London will explore quantum computing, communications, and sensing technologies and their impact on industries and global regulations.

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Physicsworld

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European centre celebrates 50 years at the forefront of weather forecasting

The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) focuses on enhancing weather forecasting accuracy for weeks, months, seasons, and annual predictions.
ECMWF uses reanalysis and data assimilation techniques to combine short-range forecasts with atmospheric observations from various sources like satellites, ground stations, and weather balloons.
Satellite measurements, such as those from the EarthCARE satellite, assist ECMWF in improving cloud, aerosol, and precipitation modeling.
ECMWF integrates new satellite data with modeling techniques to create more accurate forecasts and improve understanding of cloud physics.
Advanced supercomputers and diverse observational data streams support ECMWF's forecast accuracy improvements.
The ECMWF is involved in creating digital twins for weather-induced and geophysical extremes, as well as climate change adaptation, using enhanced modeling and data assimilation methods.
Digital twins incorporate sea, atmosphere, land, and other elements at a resolution currently unattainable and pave the way for advanced forecasting capabilities.
ECMWF's strategic emphasis on machine learning and AI aims to enhance data-driven methods alongside established physics-based modeling for better forecasting.
Innovation like the Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS) and Probability of Fire model show ECMWF's progress in machine learning applications for forecasting.
As a mission-driven organization, ECMWF's work in atmospheric physics, environmental science, and big data contributes to societal and economic benefits through cutting-edge research and weather predictions.

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Physicsworld

396

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MR QA from radiotherapy perspective

Webinar focusing on integrating MRI scanner and MRI Linac into radiotherapy, emphasizing quality assurance for MRI images.
Discussion on the use of phantoms and their coordination in a multi-vendor facility.
Akos Gulyban, a medical physicist at Institut Jules Bordet, is renowned for expertise in MRI-guided radiotherapy and advancing MRgRT technologies.
Gulyban's contributions to quality assurance protocols for MR-Linac systems aim to ensure safe and effective implementation of MRI-guided radiotherapy.

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Physicsworld

297

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Neutrons differentiate between real and fake antique coins

Neutrons can differentiate between real and fake antique coins by passing easily through the metallic regions of genuine coins but being blocked by hydrogen-bearing compounds formed due to corrosion.
Researchers in the US and South Korea used a neutron beam to identify authentic antique coins based on the presence of hydrogen-rich corrosion inclusions, which resulted in a unique 2D pattern when neutrons were fired through the coins.
The team utilized neutron tomography to examine the deeper corrosion in genuine coins compared to replicas, as well as neutron grating interferometry to analyze the pores on the coin surfaces, distinguishing between authentic and fake coins based on pore sizes.
This innovative technique could help in verifying the age of coins, protecting corroded areas, and benefit coin collectors, historians, and economists, with further studies planned to include more coins and metallic artefacts.

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Medium

129

Beyond the Big Bang

The model proposed in the paper suggests a dynamic interaction between white holes and black holes to conserve space-time, matter, and energy.
It challenges the traditional Big Bang theory by presenting a self-regulating, regenerative universe model based on spin coherence and spatial curvature.
Key concepts include viewing the speed of light as the rate of structuring space-time, gravity as an emergent property, and white and black holes as part of a conservation loop.
White holes inject structured space-time, while black holes collapse it back, recycling energy and information in a continuous cycle.
The universe is depicted as a helical structure in dynamic equilibrium, where gravity emerges from spin coherence and information defines resonant structures.
The model suggests a universe without a beginning or end, emphasizing stages of resonance and coherence over fine-tuned inflation or heat death.
Entropy is viewed as local rather than universal, with a cosmic cycle of injection, structure, dispersion, collapse, and rebirth.
Gravity is explained as a resonance phenomenon, and the universe is portrayed as a living structure of coherence constantly renewing through white holes and black holes.
The paper concludes by presenting a unified framework integrating gravitational, quantum, and cosmological insights in a conserved system, emphasizing the elegance of the universe's balance.
Future directions for research include mathematical modeling of the helical spin-lattice structure and mapping black hole and galaxy distributions to resonance harmonics.

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Medium

414

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Dreams, Cosmic Webs, and Hidden Universes: Testing the Dual Sheet Model with Real Data

The Dual Sheet Model (DSM) proposes a reality consisting of two 4D spacetime sheets, with Sheet 2 being an antimatter-dominated counterpart connected to Sheet 1 by coherence and consciousness fields.
DSM suggests that dreams might be a connection to Sheet 2, with the coherence field peaking during REM sleep, allowing the brain to resonate with the antimatter universe.
Brain activity during REM sleep is characterized by theta and gamma waves and is crucial for emotional regulation and creativity.
Mathematically, the coherence field evolves in an expanding universe during REM sleep, potentially creating a bridge between the two sheets.
Researchers propose measuring decoherence rates in quantum systems near sleeping individuals to test the DSM's predictions.
The DSM suggests a biological system-like growth of the cosmic web guided by the coherence field, transforming standard cosmological views.
Predictions related to galaxy spin bias and large-scale anisotropies are being tested with data from surveys like DESI Legacy, CatWISE2020, and Euclid Early Data.
The lack of antimatter structures in Sheet 1 supports the DSM's premise of sheet separation and the absence of large-scale annihilation signals.
The DSM also explores the cosmic microwave background, gravitational waves, power spectrum wiggles, and the role of the consciousness field in shaping the universe.
Real-world data from experiments like Planck, NANOGrav, ACT, SPT, and DES provide insights into the validity of DSM predictions and theories.
Upcoming surveys and experiments like LSST, SKA, LiteBIRD, and LISA will further test DSM predictions and shed light on the mysteries of the universe.

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Netflixtechblog

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Measuring Dialogue Intelligibility for Netflix Content

Netflix collaborates with technology partners to enhance member experience by improving dialogue intelligibility through the Dialogue Integrity Pipeline.
Issues affecting dialogue intelligibility include naturalistic acting styles, noisy locations, cinematic mixing styles, and audio compromises in the distribution pipeline.
Netflix uses industry-standard loudness meters and a Speech Intelligibility measurement system to ensure adherence to quality standards.
The team developed the Speech Intelligibility measurement system based on the Short-time Objective Intelligibility (STOI) metric to quantify dialogue intelligibility.
Netflix collaborated with Fraunhofer IDMT and Nugen Audio to pioneer a solution for enhancing creative control over dialogue intelligibility in mixes.
Fraunhofer IDMT developed a machine-learning-based solution integrated into Digital Audio Workstations to measure speech intelligibility.
Nugen Audio created the DialogCheck Plugin, incorporating Fraunhofer IDMT Dialogue Intelligibility libraries to provide real-time insights for adjusting dialogue clarity.
Netflix aims to empower creators by providing advanced intelligibility measurement tools in DAWs, enabling detection and resolution of dialogue clarity issues early in the mix.
By collaborating with partners and innovating in dialogue clarity tools, Netflix sets a new standard for ensuring dialogue is heard as intended by creators.
Through continuous collaboration and innovation, Netflix and its partners are driving the future of storytelling by delivering immersive and accessible content to viewers worldwide.

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Knowridge

198

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Scientists find new way to test the holographic universe theory

Physicists are exploring the connection between quantum mechanics and general relativity to create a unified theory called 'quantum gravity.'
Researchers at Utah State University are studying the holographic principle, suggesting the universe might be like a three-dimensional hologram described by information on a two-dimensional surface.
Testing theories of quantum gravity is challenging due to technological limitations, so physicists use mathematical models like the holographic principle for predictions.
The research on the holographic principle by Varela, Katyal, and their team aims to uncover how quantum mechanics and general relativity can be reconciled, advancing the understanding of the physical world.

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Brighter Side of News

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Global first: Scientists reproduce visual illusion predicted by Einstein’s theory of relativity

Scientists have reproduced a visual illusion predicted by Einstein's theory of relativity for the first time in the lab.
The Terrell-Penrose effect suggests that fast-moving objects appear rotated rather than shortened or stretched due to light travel time.
The Lorentz contraction, a concept in special relativity, does not affect how fast objects look in photographs.
A team of researchers from TU Wien and the University of Vienna successfully recreated this effect using ultrashort laser pulses and an ultra-fast camera setup.
During the experiment, a cube appeared rotated while a sphere remained round, confirming the predicted visual distortion.
The use of artificial Lorentz contraction reshaped the cube and sphere, but they still appeared undistorted in the final images.
This breakthrough blends art and science, drawing inspiration from ultra-fast photography techniques used by artists.
The results of the experiment were published in Communications Physics, shedding light on a complex optical phenomenon predicted over 60 years ago.
The project showcased the fusion of art and science in capturing and understanding the visual effects of high-speed object movement.
By combining advanced camera technology with theoretical predictions, the team was able to verify the Terrell-Penrose effect in a real laboratory setting.

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Physicsworld

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Geophysicists pinpoint location of Yellowstone magma reservoir

Geophysicists and seismologists have identified the location of Yellowstone's shallowest magma reservoir with unprecedented precision.
The reservoir's top lies 3.8 km below the surface, and it shows evidence of gas bubbles and molten silicic rock filling the volcanic rock's pore space.
Researchers used artificial seismic waves and a network of portable seismometers to determine the reservoir's properties, aiding in more accurate predictions of the supervolcano's eruption potential.
This study not only provides insights into Yellowstone's volcanic activity but also offers methods that could help monitor the eruption potential of other volcanoes.

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Physicsworld

125

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Beyond the Big Bang: reopening the doors on how it all began

The book challenges the widely accepted theory of the Big Bang as a singularity and presents numerous alternative theories supported by evidence.
Authors Niayesh Afshordi and Phil Halper question the blind acceptance of the Big Bang theory, advocating for ongoing scientific inquiry.
The Battle of the Big Bang introduces over two dozen alternatives to the Big Bang singularity, encouraging a critical examination of cosmic origin theories.
The book navigates complex cosmological concepts with accessible explanations and avoids promoting a singular correct theory.
Afshordi's scientific background and Halper's popular science expertise create a balanced narrative that delves into the dynamics of the cosmological community.
The authors emphasize the importance of humility in scientific exploration and advocate for continued curiosity and open-mindedness in the pursuit of knowledge.
The book presents testable ideas, such as pre-Big Bang cosmologies, and acknowledges the necessity of empirical validation in scientific theories.
Rather than providing definitive answers, the book encourages readers to embrace uncertainty and remain open to diverse perspectives in cosmology.
Through intellectual humility and a call for perpetual inquiry, The Battle of the Big Bang challenges readers to push beyond established beliefs and explore the mysteries of cosmic origins.
The exploration of alternative theories in cosmology serves as a reminder of the value of persistent curiosity and the evolving nature of scientific understanding.

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Physicsworld

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General Fusion lays off staff due to ‘unexpected and urgent financing constraints’

General Fusion, a Canadian firm, will lay off around 25% of its workforce due to unexpected financing issues.
The company, founded in 2002, is working towards commercial fusion energy using Magnetized Target Fusion technology.
General Fusion's fusion device, LM26, has achieved milestones like generating magnetized plasma but faces funding challenges.
Despite the layoffs, the firm remains hopeful to attract new investors and continue its advancements in fusion technology.

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Physicsworld

247

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Organic magic: Ji-Seon Kim on how carbon-based semiconductors are shaping our present and future

Ji-Seon Kim, a professor at Imperial College London, specializes in carbon-based semiconductors, known as organic or plastic semiconductors.
She focuses on applications like printed solar cells and OLEDs, earning recognition for her work in materials physics.
Kim's journey into organic semiconductors began at Cambridge University, where she researched OLEDs with Richard Friend.
She transitioned from theoretical to experimental work, enhancing the efficiency and longevity of OLED devices.
Kim's research delves into the physics and potential applications of organic semiconductors beyond display screens, including sustainable energy solutions.
Organic semiconductors offer advantages such as lightweight design, tunable absorption of different wavelengths, and integration into various structures.
Plastic fabrication methods enable cost-effective printing techniques for carbon-based semiconductors, expanding their applications.
Kim aims to explore neuromorphic applications using organic semiconductors, creating synaptic transistors mimicking biological neurons.
She tackles challenges like high binding energy between electron-hole pairs by exploring new small molecules in her research.
Kim collaborates with institutions like KAIST and focuses on strengthening UK-Korea research ties for future technology development.

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Knowridge

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In extreme heat, energy doesn’t flow—it bounces back

New research has revealed that under extreme conditions, heat does not flow in the expected way, getting stuck between materials instead of passing through.
Physicists observed this phenomenon in a study where heat transfer between metal and plastic was studied at high temperatures and pressures, similar to those inside stars or fusion reactors.
Using a powerful laser, heat was blocked at the boundary between hot metal and cooler plastic due to a phenomenon called interfacial thermal resistance, where electrons carrying heat bounce back instead of passing through.
This discovery could have implications for fusion energy research and other advanced technologies, improving our understanding of how heat moves in extreme environments and aiding in the development of more efficient systems.

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Popsci

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New nuclear fusion reactor’s electromagnet could lift 10 monster trucks

The world’s largest and most powerful superconducting electromagnet is set to be installed in a tokamak nuclear fusion reactor at the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) facility in southern France.
The tokamak reactor at ITER aims to demonstrate the commercial viability of nuclear fusion as a clean energy source by generating 500 megawatts of fusion power from minimal input heating.
The Central Solenoid magnet system at ITER, weighing nearly 3,000 tons, is strong enough to lift a 112,000-pound aircraft carrier or approximately 10 monster trucks.
Despite delays, ITER's start-up phase for generating plasma is expected around 2033, emphasizing the global collaboration and potential of fusion energy for a sustainable future.

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