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Physicsworld

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Microwaves slow down chemical reactions at low temperatures

Researchers in Switzerland have conducted experiments to explore the effects of microwaves on low-temperature chemical reactions.
The study demonstrated how microwave pulses can slow down reaction rates through nonthermal mechanisms, providing insights into complex effects that occur at very low temperatures.
By cooling the internal motions of the molecules, the researchers were able to conduct rigorous experiments that tested theoretical models and confirmed that the reaction rate can vary based on the rotational state of the molecules.
Additionally, the study discovered that microwaves can slow down reaction rates through mechanisms unrelated to heating the molecules, offering new possibilities for controlling reactions between ions and neutral molecules.

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Physicsworld

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Robert P Crease lifts the lid on 25 years as a ‘science critic’

Robert P. Crease reflects on his 25 years as a 'science critic,' starting with his 2000 article on the importance of criticism in science.
Over the years, Crease has covered various topics inspired by politics, books, and scientific discoveries, improvising as he goes along.
He views science as workshops where researchers study specialized topics, emphasizing the interaction between workshops and the outside world.
As a science critic, Crease explains the significance of activities inside and outside workshops and their relevance to both physicists and non-physicists.
He discusses the importance of understanding competition, trust, humor, and philosophical interpretations in the realm of quantum mechanics.
While critics are often viewed negatively, Crease clarifies that criticism is essential for evaluating performance and maintaining honesty.
Criticism becomes necessary when scientists alienate non-scientists with elitist views or dismiss the value of philosophy, as highlighted by examples involving Steven Pinker and Steven Weinberg.
Crease aims to spark curiosity about the roles of philosophers, historians, and sociologists in science and the importance of understanding the broader context in scientific endeavors.
He emphasizes the need for scientists to engage with humanities scholars to avoid losing touch with the world around them.
Overall, Crease's work as a science critic has been focused on promoting a deeper understanding and appreciation of the interdisciplinary aspects of scientific endeavor.

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Physicsworld

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Helium nanobubble measurements shed light on origins of heavy elements in the universe

Physicists from the University of Surrey in the UK conducted new measurements by smashing high-energy protons into a uranium target to shed light on the origin of heavy elements in the universe.
The measurements involved generating strontium ions and accelerating them towards a helium-filled target to study nuclear reactions, potentially aiding in the improvement of nuclear reactors.
The origin of elements beyond iron in the periodic table is a mystery in nuclear astrophysics, with the rapid (r) and slow (s) processes being key factors in their formation.
The r-process, occurring during violent astrophysical events like supernovae and neutron star mergers, involves capturing neutrons before they undergo beta-minus decay.
Observing older stars helps study the r-process, revealing a potential weak component responsible for elements with atomic numbers ranging from 37 to 47.
The weak r-process may occur in scenarios like neutrino-driven winds from supernovae, involving (alpha,n) reactions that affect final abundance patterns.
Researchers studied the 94Sr(alpha,n)97Zr reaction to understand how (alpha,n) reactions impact abundance patterns in radioactive isotopes near stability.
Using a nanomaterial target containing helium nanobubbles enabled measurements of helium burning reactions with radioactive beams for the weak r-process.
The team's findings may help reveal the source of the weak r-process reactions, whether from supernovae winds or ejected materials from neutron star mergers.
Understanding these reactions not only sheds light on heavy element origins but also aids in the design of nuclear reactor components for enhanced performance and longevity.

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Arstechnica

377

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The physics of bowling strike after strike

Physicists have developed a mathematical model to predict ball trajectories in bowling.
The model takes into account factors such as oil patterns, ball asymmetries, and player variability.
The researchers have a strong interest in bowling and have studied its physics for several years.
The calculations involved in this research are complicated due to numerous variables that affect ball trajectory.

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Popsci

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How to bowl a strike—mathematically

A new system of differential equations from MIT and Princeton has been developed to determine the most optimal bowling ball placements.
The study takes into account physics dynamics between a ball, lane conditions, and bowling pins, providing a more thorough investigation than previous methods based on statistical analyses of professional bowlers.
The model factors in various physical conditions of a game, such as lane oil, and accurately computes bowling trajectories.
The new equations have the potential to be applied in training regimens, manufacturing processes, and professional events, improving bowlers' targeting strategies.

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Physicsworld

283

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Schrödinger cat states like it hot

Researchers in Austria and Spain have achieved the creation of Schrödinger cat states, which are superpositions of quantum states, in 'hot' environments with temperatures up to 1.8 K.
Traditionally, cat states required quantum particles to be in their ground state, which is highly challenging and limits their applications.
The new study challenges this notion by using thermally excited states, showing that cat states can exist at higher temperatures of up to 1.8 K.
The research has potential benefits for quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum error correction.

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Physicsworld

436

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Very high-energy electrons could prove optimal for FLASH radiotherapy

Electron therapy has long been important in cancer treatments, with energies up to 20 MeV ideal for certain applications.
Very high-energy electrons (VHEEs) with energies up to 400 MeV could revolutionize radiation treatments.
THERYQ aims to make VHEE-based treatments a reality by adapting CERN technology for clinical use.
VHEEs offer deep penetration, narrow beam edges, and robustness against tissue density variations.
Electromagnetic scanning allows precise manipulation of VHEE beams with smaller footprint and cost.
VHEE beams enable FLASH radiotherapy, delivering ultrahigh dose rates while reducing normal tissue toxicity.
Clinical trials with FLASH radiotherapy show promise, with initial focus on skin lesions progressing to deeper tumors.
VHEEs could be particularly beneficial for radioresistant cancers, sparing normal tissue while increasing target doses.
Technological challenges remain, but the goal is to make VHEE accelerators compact and practical for clinical use.
The potential of VHEEs for FLASH radiotherapy brings hope for improved cancer treatments in the future.

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Medium

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How Machine Learning is Revolutionizing Data Analysis at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

Machine learning is revolutionizing data analysis at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
Machine learning enables real-time decision-making, pattern recognition, and predictive modeling.
ML is used for particle identification, noise reduction, anomaly detection, simulation acceleration, and detector maintenance.
Machine learning improves efficiency, reduces human bias, and accelerates discovery at the LHC.

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Sciencenewsforstudents

161

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This weird ice may exist on alien planets

A strange type of ice has been observed for the first time, forming at high temperatures and pressures.
This ice, known as plastic ice, possesses traits of both solid ice and liquid water, exhibiting plasticity.
Plastic ice VII, observed in the study, is more elastic and conducts heat better than predicted.
This newly observed type of ice may exist on the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, as well as on exoplanets, and could provide insight into their formation and habitability.

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Physicsworld

265

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Tiny sensor creates a stable, wearable brain–computer interface

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) facilitate communication between the brain and external devices for various applications.
Current EEG-based BCIs are hindered by bulky and rigid sensors, impeding movement and affecting signal quality.
Researchers at Georgia Tech developed a microscale brain sensor that fits between hair strands and remains stable during motion.
The sensor has microneedle electrodes coated with a conductive polymer for improved electrical conductivity.
Signals from the brain are captured and transmitted by these microneedles to a miniaturized electronics system.
The BCI demonstrated stable neural signal measurement for up to 12 hours with minimal motion artifacts.
Compared to conventional gold-cup electrodes, the microsensor-based BCI showed superior stability during motion.
The BCI was tested on participants performing activities like standing, walking, and running with high accuracy.
Users were able to control external devices and make decisions using their thoughts in real-world scenarios.
The combination of BCI and AR technology allows for innovative digital interactions and could benefit individuals with mobility challenges.

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Knowridge

445

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Physics shows the perfect roof shape for energy efficiency

Physics research by Adrian Bejan and Pezhman Mardanpour reveals that the shape of a roof can significantly impact the energy efficiency of a building.
For shorter roofs, the best design is to make the roof three or four times wider than it is tall.
For taller roofs, equilateral triangle shape, where the height and width are equal, is the most effective design.
Old homes around the world, including Italy, already follow these energy-efficient roof shapes, highlighting the importance of understanding the impact of building shape on energy efficiency.

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Physicsworld

247

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Physicists gather in Nottingham for the IOP’s Celebration of Physics 2025

The Institute of Physics (IOP) organized the 2025 Celebration of Physics at Nottingham Trent University.
The event aimed to bring together physicists, creative thinkers, and science enthusiasts.
Notable speakers included Nick Stone, Richard Friend, Niall Holmes, and Tara Shears.
Topics discussed ranged from medical imaging to the intersection of physics and AI.

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Physicsworld

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Two-dimensional metals make their debut

Researchers have produced the first two-dimensional (2D) sheets of metal.
These metal sheets, just angstroms thick, could be used for studying fundamental physics and making novel electronic devices.
The technique involves heating powders of pure metals between two monolayer-MoS2/sapphire van der Waals anvils.
The research team plans to explore the properties of 2D metals and their potential applications further.

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Medium

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Sun’s Million-Degree Mystery Solved? A New Theory Challenges Standard Solar Physics

A new theory, the Tidal Layer Reflux Model (TLRM), challenges traditional solar physics models by proposing a dynamic, fluid-based framework for understanding the Sun's internal and atmospheric structure.
TLRM suggests that solar layers arise from the interplay of thermal, convective, and magnetic flows, with a key mechanism called reflux driving energy and plasma from deeper layers to the corona, potentially solving the coronal heating problem.
This model reframes solar structure as fluid interfaces influenced by dynamic processes like differential rotation, rising flux tubes, and the tachocline's shear layer, offering a new perspective on solar layering.
TLRM predicts testable outcomes through helioseismology, coronal spectroscopy, and MHD simulations, aiming to unify disparate solar phenomena and address anomalies such as the coronal heating issue.
The theory introduces the concept of periodic upwellings and tidal flows within the Sun, akin to oceanic tides, explaining phenomena like the million-degree temperatures of the corona and offering a dynamic framework for energy transport.
Reflux, the episodic ascent of plasma and magnetic flux from deeper layers to the surface, plays a crucial role in supplying energy directly to the corona, complementing existing mechanisms like Alfvén waves and nanoflares.
TLRM's predictions include oscillatory signatures in helioseismic data, coronal brightness enhancements linked to reflux events, and unique chemical signatures on the solar wind due to high-energy particles from deeper layers.
Proposing the Neutrino Micro-Compensation Hypothesis (NMCH), TLRM speculates on how neutrinos might interact with solar gradients, suggesting potential correlations between neutrino flux variations and solar activity.
By reconceptualizing solar dynamics and energy transport, TLRM aims to refine models of magnetic dynamos and energy surges, potentially transforming our understanding of the Sun and other stars.
TLRM remains a theoretical extension of existing solar-physics frameworks, inviting further research and data-driven tests to validate its premises and implications for solar science.
© 2025 Anchee Kuter. All rights reserved for the Tidal Layer Reflux Model. Redistribution, citation, or derivative use is permitted with explicit attribution, while commercial use or reframing requires written consent from the author.

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