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Physicsworld

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Threads of fire: uncovering volcanic secrets with Pele’s hair and tears

Volcanologists are studying Pele’s hair and Pele’s tears to uncover volcanic secrets.
Pele’s hair is fine, golden filaments of volcanic glass formed during explosive eruptions.
Pele’s tears are small droplets of solidified lava that can contain trapped volcanic gases.
Researching these materials provides insights into past volcanic activity and its impact on the environment.

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Physicsworld

443

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Modelling the motion of confined crowds could help prevent crushing incidents

Researchers have constructed a theoretical model that forecasts the movements of confined crowds.
The study aims to predict potentially life-threatening crowd behavior in confined environments.
The research treated the densely packed crowd as a continuum and observed a phase change in behavior at a critical threshold.
The results have the potential to contribute to the development of crowd management protocols.

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Knowridge

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Scientists uncover clues about atomic nucleus shape and dark forces

A team of physicists from Germany has made a breakthrough in understanding the relationship between atomic nuclei shape and atomic behavior.
Their research provides new insights into the possible existence of dark forces that could influence matter.
The team's findings confirm a previous anomaly discovered in the behavior of ytterbium isotopes and attribute it to changes in the shape of atomic nuclei itself.
The research demonstrates the collaboration between atomic, nuclear, and particle physics to explore fundamental questions about the universe and test the limits of our understanding.

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Medium

421

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Understanding UFO Propulsion Systems

Materials science offers one key to understanding how UFOs withstand forces that would tear ordinary vehicles apart.
The advanced propulsion observed in UFO sightings would require a groundbreaking energy system.
Decades of data suggest three overarching movement modes of UFOs: hover-and-dart, seamless ocean-air-space transition, and luminous plasma-like orbs.
Further research is needed to explore new materials, energy generation concepts, and expand our understanding of quantum fields to unlock the secrets behind UFO movement.

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Medium

249

Image Credit: Medium

The Tortoise, the Hare, and the Death of Reductionism

In this article, the Tortoise and Hare engage in philosophical dialogues discussing the failures of reductionism in understanding reality.
Part 1 introduces Gödel and Wittgenstein's ideas on the limits of formal systems and language in capturing reality beyond reductionism.
The discussion covers Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem, Wittgenstein's views on language, and how reductionism faces challenges in math and philosophy.
Part 2 explores Prigogine's work in biology, highlighting how life emergence through chaotic systems and nonlinear dynamics goes beyond reducible particles.
The concept of metabolism as a complex, self-organizing system is discussed, emphasizing that life cannot be fully explained by breaking it down into smaller parts.
Chirality, the left- and right-handedness of molecules, is presented as a fundamental organizing principle in life, showcasing the limitations of reductionism.
In Part 3, the article challenges the traditional view of evolution as a purely competitive process, introducing the idea of emergent phenomena and fitness landscapes driven by patterns.
The discussion delves into the role of prime numbers in biology and how evolution is shaped by hidden connections and structured resonance patterns.
Part 4 focuses on physics, specifically gravity and black holes, highlighting the importance of time as an active force and the concept of black holes as cosmic accountants of time and energy.
It introduces the idea that time sets the rhythm for the universe, and black holes play a crucial role in balancing energy and mass through resonance patterns.

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COSMOS

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Theoretical physicists show that quantum systems have opposing arrows of time

New theoretical research shows that time can flow forwards or backwards in quantum systems, challenging our everyday perception of how time progresses.
The laws of nature don’t inherently favour a single direction of time, and the equations remain the same whether time moves forward or backward.
The second law of thermodynamics, which explains our everyday experience of time, states that entropy (disorder) cannot decrease with time.
The study explores the arrow of time in quantum systems and suggests that time reversal symmetry is possible in open quantum systems.

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Brighter Side of News

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Neutron ‘starquake’ discovery could revolutionize nuclear physics

Neutron stars hold the densest matter in the universe, offering insights into nuclear physics impossible to replicate on Earth.
New research led by the University of Bath explores neutron star 'starquakes' as a tool for investigating extreme nuclear matter.
Starquakes provide a means to test Chiral Effective Field Theory (χEFT) predictions in neutron stars, potentially reshaping nuclear physics understanding.
By studying oscillations within neutron stars, scientists can probe nuclear matter behavior at extreme densities and test key theories like χEFT.
Symmetry energy, crucial in neutron star properties, can be studied through neutron star vibrations, extending research into high-density regimes.
Observing resonant shattering flares (RSFs) during starquakes offers insights into symmetry energy and fundamental nuclear properties inside neutron stars.
Asteroseismology could revolutionize the understanding of nuclear matter, linking astronomy and nuclear physics through direct neutron star measurements.
Improved nuclear physics knowledge from studying neutron star vibrations could benefit medical technology, national security, and nuclear energy advancements.
Utilizing existing telescopes for asteroseismic research offers practical benefits, expanding nuclear physics tools without requiring expensive developments.
Multi-messenger astronomy and expanding asteroseismology aim to map the nuclear equation of state across different density ranges, revealing fundamental forces at play.

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Netflixtechblog

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Introducing Impressions at Netflix

Netflix's Impressions are critical data points that fuel the personalization engine by tracking user interactions with movie posters and banners.
Impression history is vital for enhancing personalization, implementing frequency capping, highlighting new releases, and providing analytical insights.
The creation of a Source-of-Truth (SOT) dataset is essential for managing billions of impressions daily at Netflix.
Raw impression events are processed, filtered, and enriched to establish a definitive source of truth using technologies such as Apache Kafka and Iceberg.
Efforts are made to ensure high-quality impressions by maintaining detailed column-level metrics and implementing alert systems for issue detection.
Apache Flink is employed to handle the massive volume of impression events globally, while configuration details ensure efficient processing and storage.
Challenges such as addressing unschematized events and automating performance tuning with autoscalers are being tackled for future improvements.
Efforts to improve data quality alerts involve building a comprehensive data quality platform for anomaly detection and data lineage tracking.
Creating a reliable source of truth for impressions is crucial for enhancing personalization and user experience on the Netflix platform.
Upcoming parts of the series will delve into how microservices utilize the SOT dataset to provide impression histories for users.

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Medium

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Estimating Incremental Lift in Customer Value (Delta CV) using Synthetic Control

At PayPal, Data Science teams use causal inference to evaluate the impact of key customer actions on revenue and engagement.
They introduced Delta CV (delta in Customer Value) to measure the incremental profit margin after adopting a new product.
Delta CV measures the cumulative lift in customer value considering all PayPal transactions of a user.
Measurement of Delta CV is done using causal inference and synthetic control, matching treatment users with non-adopters.
Delta CV helps in strategic decision making, ROI calculations, and optimizing in-app product placements.
Delta CV considers both the direct profit from a new adoption and the halo effects that lead to increased engagement with other products.
Median delta CV and mean delta CV are used to understand the incremental customer value at scale.
The methodology involves KNN algorithm to create a synthetic control group for estimating treatment effects.
Delta CV estimation has caveats like variance, bias, and impact interpretation due to product adoptions' non-additive nature.
Delta CV is vital for PayPal's strategic decisions, continuously evolving with new products and improved matching methodologies.

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Popsci

267

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Could we really make Captain America’s shield? A materials scientist weighs in.

Materials scientists analyze the possibility of creating Captain America's shield using real-world materials.
Vibranium, the element in the shield, is fictional but inspires real-life materials science.
Engineering Superheroes course explores how materials can enhance superhero powers.
Different properties of metals determine their strength and applications in shields.
Tungsten carbide and ceramic-metal composites are considered for compressive forces.
Copper-tantalum alloy is suggested for deflecting bullets due to its strength and structure.
Ceramic materials are efficient in blocking heat flow, useful for fire resistance.
Shape memory alloys like Nitinol exhibit super plasticity, allowing for rebounding forces.
Research in materials science benefits space, aviation, and electric car industries.
Creating advanced materials can enhance safety measures in various fields of technology.

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Physicsworld

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Freedom in the Equation exhibition opens at Harvard Science Centre

A new exhibition called Freedom in the Equation has opened at the Harvard Science Centre in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
The exhibition sheds light on the contributions of Ukrainian scientists and highlights Ukraine's lost scientific potential due to Russia's aggression.
The exhibition features the stories of 10 scientists, including Vasyl Kladko and Lev Shubnikov, who made significant contributions in their fields.
The exhibition runs until 10 March as part of the Science at Risk project.

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Hobbieroth

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Image Credit: Hobbieroth

Sine and Cosine Integrals and the Delta Function

The article discusses properties of Fourier transforms, sines, and cosines integrals, and their relation to the Dirac delta function.
The author presents equations related to even and odd functions dealing with sines and cosines in Fourier transforms.
The article proposes new equations for Fourier transforms to maintain symmetry and mathematical integrity.
The author performs calculations to show that using the proposed equations leads back to the original functions.
Complex numbers are introduced in addressing the representation of the delta function in the context of Fourier transforms.
There is a discussion on the use of Euler's formula and trigonometric identities in manipulating Fourier transform integrals.
Issues with conventional delta function representations in specific integrals are highlighted in contrast to the proposed equations.
The author acknowledges the uniqueness of the new mathematical results and expresses uncertainty about their correctness.
Considerations for incorporating the new delta function/Fourier integral relationships in the sixth edition of Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology are mentioned.
Further research and exploration into existing mathematical literature are planned to validate the proposed equations.

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Physicsworld

145

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Schrödinger’s cat states appear in the nuclear spin state of antimony

Physicists at UNSW have achieved creating Schrödinger's cat state in a single, large nuclear spin, with applications in quantum information processing.
The concept of Schrödinger's cat state stems from a thought experiment by Erwin Schrödinger involving simultaneous alive and dead states of a cat.
Creating cat states in laboratories is challenging, previously done using laser fields, trapped ions, and superconducting systems.
The UNSW study introduces a cat state in an antimony atom with a high nuclear spin capable of eight different spin directions.
The antimony atom's quantum system provides error-correctable logical qubits due to its high-dimensional nature.
By using the antimony atom, quantum information is better protected against errors as it requires multiple consecutive errors to lose data.
The research team initially focused on observing quantum chaos in high-spin nuclei before exploring quantum information applications.
The team synchronized seven clocks to track the quantum state of the eight-level system, facilitated by FPGA generators designed for quantum applications.
Hosting the cat state in a silicon chip presents scalability opportunities for quantum processors containing millions of such states.
Future plans include demonstrating quantum error correction in the antimony system and integrating it with lithographic quantum dots.

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Fyfluiddynamics

349

Image Credit: Fyfluiddynamics

Quick-Drying, Fast-Cracking

Water droplets filled with nanoparticles leave behind deposits as they evaporate.
Particles in the evaporating droplet tend to gather at the drop's edge, similar to a coffee ring effect.
The solid deposit formed from the evaporating droplet covers the entire area and is shot through with cracks.
Cracking models developed in this research could have applications in analyzing old paintings, where cracks could reveal insights about the artist's techniques and the artwork's condition.

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Physicsworld

449

Image Credit: Physicsworld

Quantum superstars gather in Paris for the IYQ 2025 opening ceremony

The International Year of Quantum Science and Technology (IYQ) was declared by UNESCO to be in 2025.
The IYQ opening ceremony took place in Paris with the participation of four Nobel laureates in physics and representatives from governments and industry.
Speakers highlighted the renaissance in quantum research and the need for global accessibility to the quantum revolution.
The article is part of Physics World's contribution to the IYQ, aiming to create awareness of quantum physics and its applications.

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