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Quantum Mpemba effect appears in a real experimental system

Choosing the right initial conditions can speed up relaxation in quantum systems, analogous to the classical Mpemba effect where hot water cools faster than cold water under certain conditions.
Experiments using single trapped ions showed exponential acceleration of relaxation into a stationary state, resembling the strong Mpemba effect, providing insights for open quantum system design.
In the quantum world, initial conditions influence the speed of reaching equilibrium, with different decay rates for a system in a strong Mpemba effect state.
Quantum sME relaxation paths differ from other states, avoiding overlap with the slowest decay mode, which leads to faster equilibrium.
The relaxation path of a quantum sME includes the Liouvillian exceptional point, where an eigenvalue transitions from real to complex, signaling a strong to weak Mpemba effect.
Experimental setup involved trapping a 40Ca+ ion, coupling three energy levels through laser interactions, and tuning Rabi frequencies to explore different relaxation regimes.
By observing the transition from strong Mpemba effect to weak Mpemba effect, researchers demonstrated the quantum strong Mpemba effect for the first time in Nature Communications.
The study's methods offer experimental avenues for increasing ion cooling rates and enhancing quantum battery efficiency, with plans to explore the behavior of the quantum Mpemba effect at the Liouvillian exceptional point.
Research by a team from China, the UK, and Singapore revealed how initial conditions impact relaxation in quantum systems akin to the Mpemba effect, providing insights into open quantum system design.
Experimental realization of the quantum strong Mpemba effect involved tuning Rabi frequencies to transition from strong to weak Mpemba effect, showcasing the first instance of this phenomenon.

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Fyfluiddynamics

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Atmospheric Rivers Raise Temperatures

Atmospheric rivers, narrow streams of moisture-rich air, have been found to bring unusually warm temperatures.
A survey of 43 years' worth of data shows that atmospheric rivers can raise surface temperatures up to 15 degrees Celsius above normal.
On average, temperatures associated with atmospheric rivers are about 5 degrees Celsius higher than expected for the region's climate.
The warm temperatures are mainly caused by carrying warm tropical temperatures to cooler regions.

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Medium

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Breaking Barriers: Low-Code Gemini powered Global Sign Language Translator on Google Cloud Platform

The GenAI-powered Global Sign Language Translator leverages Gemini 2.0 Flash AI to convert multilingual text and speech into American Sign Language videos, fostering inclusivity and breaking communication barriers.
The system, built on Google Cloud Platform, features AI translation, video generation, and performance optimization through caching, providing ASL videos in real-time.
Utilizing modern web application technology, the solution supports multilingual input, adjustable playback speeds, and loop functionality for an enhanced user experience.
The architecture includes ASL dataset generation, a responsive frontend, Firebase authentication, Chrome + WebAI interface, and ASL translation workflows.
AI models like Gemini 2.0 Flash aid in natural language understanding, sign language generation, and quality refinement for accurate ASL gloss notation conversion.
The system flow involves cache checks, language detection, gloss conversion, video URL mappings, and storage in Firestore for efficient translation processing and retrieval.
The technical implementation incorporates Cloud Platform, AI models, storage solutions, and processing tools for seamless sign language translation and user-friendly interaction.
Through innovative technologies and thoughtful design, the Global Sign Language Translator aims to bridge communication gaps and promote understanding and inclusion of the deaf community.
Creators of the project are final-year students from Hong Kong Institute of Information Technology, showcasing the project for the GDG Solution Challenge 2025.
The project exemplifies the impactful use of technology for social good, emphasizing the importance of leveraging AI and cloud architecture to create a more connected and inclusive world.

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Physicsworld

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Fusion industry meets in London to discuss ‘one of the economic opportunities of the century’

The inaugural Fusion Fest by Economist Impact was held in London to discuss the economic opportunities of fusion.
UK plans to invest £20m into Starmaker One, a £100m fusion fund, to keep the country at the forefront of fusion.
Private companies are racing to achieve breakeven, with some expecting announcements by 2030.
Funding requirements of about $50-60bn are anticipated to make fusion a viable energy source in the 2040s.

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Medium

Driving cloud value through cost optimization & efficiency

Capital One experts presented on cloud cost optimization at AWS re:Invent 2024, emphasizing the importance of maximizing value in the cloud by optimizing costs and ensuring efficiency.
A multilayered approach to cloud optimization includes focusing on both the cloud infrastructure and software layers for maximum cost efficiency.
At the infrastructure layer, rightsizing and optimization for cloud resources are critical to matching workloads with the best-fit instance.
Lessons from Capital One include scaling efficiently, leveraging newer instance generations, and accurate instance selection for enhanced performance and cost savings.
Efficiency through software optimization is key, with examples showing the impact of software decisions on cloud spend and performance.
Optimizing GPU costs for AI and ML applications requires deep insights into GPU workload efficiency and collaboration with data scientists for performance improvements.
Establishing a culture of cloud efficiency with a focus on accountability, clarity, and incentives is crucial for driving optimization beyond just tools and technology.
Capital One's strategic approach to cloud cost efficiency involves understanding user needs, developing a strategy supported by tools, and measuring key performance metrics.
The ongoing cloud optimization journey at Capital One emphasizes continuous learning, innovation, and principles like understanding user needs and using supporting tools effectively.
Authors Jerzy Grzywinski and Brent Segner from Capital One provide insights into cloud cost optimization strategies and the importance of culture in driving cloud efficiency.

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Physicsworld

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Non-invasive pressure sensor could revolutionize how brain injuries are diagnosed

UK-based start-up Crainio has developed a non-invasive way of measuring intracranial pressure using light.
The technology could revolutionize how brain injuries are diagnosed and treated.
Crainio's optical sensor measures blood flow in the brain and uses machine learning to deduce the intracranial pressure.
The non-invasive technique reduces cost and enables measurements in the field shortly after injuries occur.

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Physicsworld

117

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Don’t have a PhD? The quantum industry still wants you…

The quantum-technology sector is seeking a range of skills, not just quantum specialists.
The eight skills in demand include various branches of engineering, materials science, and quality control.
The quantum industry offers diverse career options, from building prototype quantum computers to developing quantum cryptography.
Physics students are advised to develop soft skills like team working, project management, and communication for better job prospects.

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Physicsworld

397

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Quantum computer generates strings of certifiably random numbers

A quantum computer has been used for the first time to generate strings of certifiably random numbers, with potential applications in various fields.
Classical computers can only generate pseudorandom numbers, while quantum computers excel at producing genuinely random numbers due to the inherent randomness in quantum mechanics.
This breakthrough opens up possibilities for applications in fields like lotteries and cryptography.
Certifying the randomness of the numbers generated by a quantum computer involves cross-entropy benchmarking to verify their quantum origin.
The study used a 56-qubit high-fidelity Quantum H2-1 quantum computer for generating random numbers and exploring quantum magnetism and knot theory problems.
Verifying the authenticity of random numbers from quantum computers can be computationally intensive, requiring further research for more efficient methods.
The research advances the understanding and application of quantum computing in solving complex problems with real-world implications.
Quantum computing's value is now assessed based on the problems it can solve rather than just the technical specifications of the hardware.
The potential for quantum computers to tackle larger models and expand their capabilities is evident in the development of a 96-qubit device named Helios.
The research showcases the shift in focus from the hardware capabilities of quantum computers to the practical problems they can address effectively.

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Medium

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The Observer’s Paradox

This paper proposes that continuity of observation is the missing half of Relativity.
The universe requires a witness, but never includes the witness in its laws.
The proposed Laws of Absolute Continuity suggest that observation and memory play a crucial role in defining consciousness and identity.
The equation of emergent identity describes how consciousness is a continuity field that collapses probabilities through recursive observation.

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Knowridge

294

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Why heavy water acts so much like regular water

Scientists have discovered why heavy water, which contains deuterium instead of regular hydrogen, exhibits similar properties to regular water.
The study conducted by scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research shows that opposing quantum effects cancel each other out, resulting in the similarities between heavy water and regular water.
One quantum effect, known as nuclear quantum effects (NQEs), causes hydrogen atoms to vibrate less and move closer to the oxygen atom, making the water molecule slightly smaller and affecting its interaction with other water molecules.
On the other hand, a second quantum effect strengthens the bond between different water molecules, almost cancelling out the weakening effect caused by NQEs.

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Knowridge

257

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New quantum particle could make future computers smarter and faster

Scientists have discovered a new kind of particle called a fractional exciton, which could enhance future quantum computers.
This particle is a type of quasiparticle that behaves in unique ways at the smallest scales of matter.
The research was conducted by a team of physicists at Brown University, supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
The discovery could potentially lead to new developments in quantum computing, allowing for faster and more stable quantum computers.

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Medium

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The Symphony of Particles: How the Higgs Boson Gives Mass to the Universe”

The Higgs boson is a particle associated with the Higgs field, which explains the existence of mass in the universe.
Scientists discovered the Higgs boson in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider, confirming one of the final pieces of the Standard Model.
The Higgs boson is crucial for the existence of atoms, chemistry, and life itself.
The search for the Higgs boson took half a century, involving thousands of scientists and the unwavering belief in the universe's secrets.

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Physicsworld

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Quantum interference observed in collisions between methane molecules and gold surface

Researchers observed quantum mechanical interference behavior in collisions between methane molecules and a gold surface.
This extends quantum effects into the classical world and has implications for surface chemistry in industrial processes.
Interference effects are easier to observe in light but trickier for molecules and massive objects.
Researchers used an infrared laser to push methane molecules into specific states before scattering them off a gold surface.
A pattern was identified in the quantum states of methane molecules after collision based on their symmetries.
The observed interference is similar to double-slit experiment effects but relates to rotational and vibrational states.
Discoveries on population imbalances in rotational quantum states led to further exploration.
Researchers found an explanation related to the conservation of the reflection parity of the methane molecule’s wavefunction.
Classical models may not fully capture molecule-surface dynamics, impacting the understanding of chemistry at surfaces.
This research highlights the role of quantum mechanics in understanding fundamental steps of surface chemistry.

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398

A milestone for laser plasma acceleration

DESY's LUX experiment has made significant progress in improving the quality of electron bunches accelerated by a laser plasma accelerator.
The improved technology brings laser-plasma acceleration a step closer to concrete applications in various fields.
The DESY team used a correction system to enhance the properties of electron bunches, overcoming previous drawbacks.
Electrons accelerated by the LUX plasma accelerator were sent through a chicane of deflecting magnets for optimization.
The team successfully reduced energy spread by a factor of 18 and central energy fluctuation by a factor of 72.
The project showcased effective collaboration between theory and experiment at DESY.
The research team aims to apply the new technique to generate and accelerate electron bunches for X-ray sources more efficiently.
DESY's expertise in building accelerators and plasma acceleration technology strengthens confidence in this innovative field.
The results of the study published in Nature demonstrate the progress made in laser plasma acceleration technology.
The research team's milestone achievement points towards the viability of laser-plasma accelerators for practical applications.

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Physicsworld

185

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New entanglement approach could boost photonic quantum computing

Physicists at the Georgia Institute of Technology, US have developed a novel method to generate entanglement between photons for quantum computing.
The research leverages non-Abelian quantum holonomy, which provides a deterministic approach to entangling photons without relying on strong nonlinear interactions or probabilistic quantum measurements.
The entangled photons occupy distinguishable spatial modes of optical waveguides, making it more practical for real-world quantum applications.
This innovative approach could lead to more efficient and reliable photonic quantum technologies, and enable the construction of near-deterministic entangling gates for quantum computation.

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