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Mysterious galaxy without dark matter challenges what we know about the universe

Astronomers have discovered a rare kind of galaxy, FCC 224, that appears to have little or no dark matter.
FCC 224 is an ultra-diffuse dwarf galaxy located on the edge of the Fornax Cluster, about 60 to 65 million light-years away from Earth.
The galaxy contains an unexpectedly large number of bright star clusters, but lacks dark matter in its inner regions.
The discovery challenges the current understanding of how galaxies form, suggesting that galaxies without dark matter may be more common than previously thought.

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Medium

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Advancing AI research at NAACL 2025

Capital One researchers and technologists are participating in NAACL 2025 to showcase their latest NLP research and engage with the academic community.
Their research focuses on multilingual understanding, model efficiency, and AI safety, with presentations, poster sessions, tutorials, and a TrustNLP workshop at Booth 4.
Research by Capital One Enterprise AI teams includes methods for AI safety, real-world NLP applications, red teaming frameworks, and deployment insights.
One paper, 'Building Safe GenAI Applications,' provides an overview of red teaming for Large Language Models by Genta Winata, Anirban Das, and Austin Zhang.
Another collaborative effort introduced 'WorldCuisines,' a benchmark for multilingual visual question answering across diverse cultures, presented by the same authors.
The 'ProxyLM' paper presents a framework for predicting Language Model performance on multilingual tasks using proxy models, reducing computational overhead.
Capital One sponsors the TrustNLP workshop, focusing on building trustworthy NLP systems and responsible AI deployment.
Attendees are invited to connect with Capital One at NAACL 2025 to learn about NLP research, career opportunities, and how AI is transforming the financial industry.
Opinions expressed in the article are those of individual authors and not necessarily those of Capital One. Trademarks and intellectual property rights belong to their respective owners.
The article was originally published on the Capital One Tech Medium and discusses ongoing conversations about advancing AI research at NAACL 2025.

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Physicsworld

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Top-quark pairs at ATLAS could shed light on the early universe

Physicists on the ATLAS experiment at CERN's LHC have produced top quark-antiquark pairs in collisions involving heavy nuclei.
The collisions recreate the quark-gluon plasma, a state of matter that existed microseconds after the Big Bang.
Studying the behavior of top quarks within the quark-gluon plasma could enhance our understanding of the early universe and quantum chromodynamics.
The production rate of top quarks observed in the experiments matched theoretical predictions based on the strong nuclear force.

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Physicsworld

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Grete Hermann: the quantum physicist who challenged Werner Heisenberg and John von Neumann

Grete Hermann, a German mathematician and philosopher, rigorously addressed the philosophical questions raised by quantum theory during the early days of quantum mechanics.
She challenged the notion of 'hidden variables' in quantum mechanics, contrary to John von Neumann's famous 'proof'.
Hermann's work, focused on the philosophical implications of quantum mechanics, has been overlooked despite its significance.
Her interest in both physics and philosophy led her to collaborate with prominent physicists like Heisenberg and von Weizsäcker.
Hermann's 1935 paper critiqued von Neumann's proof and proposed an alternative view of causality within the interpretation of quantum mechanics.
She demonstrated a deep understanding of key elements of the Copenhagen interpretation, including the uncertainty principle and quantum entanglement.
Hermann's legacy extends to her post-war contributions in educating others and her involvement in rebuilding the German educational system.
Her critical analysis and contributions to quantum mechanics, ethics in science, and societal goals make her an inspirational figure for scientists and philosophers.
Hermann's achievements were brought to light posthumously, and her work continues to receive recognition and study, shedding light on her profound insights.
As part of the 2025 International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, Hermann's role in challenging established notions in quantum physics is honored.

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Fyfluiddynamics

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Bifurcating Waterways

Some rivers flow in two directions and some lakes have multiple outlets to separate water basins.
The Casiquiare River in South America is a famous example, connecting the Orinoco River with the Rio Negro, which eventually joins the Amazon.
The Casiquiare River's meandering, nearly-flat course connects the two largest basins in the continent.
A review paper highlights a total of 9 hydrological head-scratchers in the Americas.

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Physicsworld

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Abnormal ‘Arnold’s tongue’ patterns appear in a real oscillating system

Abnormal versions of synchronization patterns known as “Arnold’s tongues” have been observed in a femtosecond fibre laser that generates oscillating light pulses.
Arnold’s tongues are found in all real-world synchronized systems, and they are an important indicator of synchronization.
In the new work, researchers studied Arnold’s tongue patterns in a laser that emits solitons and found unusual shapes instead of the typical triangular patterns.
The researchers also explored the effects of holes within the ray-shaped tongue regions, which can destabilize the synchronized system and impact practical applications.

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Physicsworld

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Retinal stimulation reveals colour never before seen by the human eye

A new retinal stimulation technique called Oz enabled volunteers to see colours that lie beyond the natural range of human vision.
Oz works by stimulating individual cone cells in the retina with targeted microdoses of laser light, compensating for the eye's motion.
Rather than being based on spectral distribution, colour perception is controlled by shaping the spatial distribution of light on the retina.
The technique could potentially help individuals with colour blindness to experience full colour vision.

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Brighter Side of News

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Physics can help you brew better coffee with fewer beans

Climate change is impacting coffee crops globally, leading to rising Arabica bean prices due to poor weather conditions.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania are using physics to enhance coffee brewing and reduce bean usage.
Their study in Physics of Fluids uncovers the physics behind coffee brewing, focusing on flavor extraction.
By studying fluid dynamics and mechanics in coffee brewing, researchers discovered the 'avalanche effect' that enhances flavor extraction.
Pouring water from a controlled height and speed improves mixing and extraction efficiency without compromising flavor.
Using precise measurements and equipment like gooseneck kettles optimizes water flow for better coffee extraction.
The findings not only apply to coffee brewing but also have broader implications for understanding fluid dynamics in nature and industry.
Research into coffee brewing can lead to insights in applications like medical device cleaning and biological fluid movement studies.
Adjusting pouring techniques with a gooseneck kettle can reduce coffee bean usage while maintaining taste and strength.
Improving sustainability in coffee production by maximizing flavor extraction per bean is vital amid environmental challenges.

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Brighter Side of News

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Scientists use ‘cosmic radio’ detector to find elusive dark matter

Scientists have made a breakthrough in the search for dark matter using a 'cosmic radio' detector to find elusive axions, potentially solving mysteries about dark matter and particle physics.
Axions, tiny particles proposed by physicists, are theorized to make up dark matter, with the latest study leading to the detection of a Dynamical Axion Quasiparticle (DAQ).
Researchers used a specialized quantum material, manganese bismuth telluride, to detect coherent oscillations resembling axions on Earth, bridging theory and reality.
The detection of the DAQ in quantum materials opens possibilities for developing a larger-scale detector to scan frequencies across the electromagnetic spectrum for real axions traveling through space.
The team anticipates building an operational axion detector within five years and aims to definitively detect dark matter axions, akin to discovering the Higgs boson in particle physics.
The 'cosmic car radio' detector is designed to align its frequency with axion signals, producing faint flashes of light upon detection, potentially revolutionizing dark matter research.
Beyond dark matter detection, the discovery of DAQs offers potential for advancements in quantum technologies, spin-based devices, superconductivity, and topological states.
The breakthrough signals a promising future for dark matter research, as scientists focus on scaling up technology to detect real cosmic axions and unlock the universe's hidden signals.
Excitement is growing within the research community as the detection of Dynamic Axion Quasiparticles (DAQs) serves as a crucial missing piece to bridge the gap between dark matter theory and reality.
After decades of speculation, the discovery of DAQs brings humanity closer to unraveling the mysteries of dark matter, with implications for quantum technologies and practical applications.
The groundbreaking study published in Nature demonstrates the potential of quantum materials to detect hidden cosmic particles and paves the way for further exploration in the field of dark matter research.

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Quantumfrontiers

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Quantum Algorithms: A Call To Action

Quantum computing is still exploring its potential applications, with the realization that its full capabilities are not yet fully known.
Theoretical advancements suggest that with significant investment, building a quantum computer is feasible, but the justification for such large investments remains a challenge.
There is a growing industry interest in quantum computing, with a need to align investment growth, hardware progress, and algorithmic capabilities.
Quantum computing presents a unique opportunity for theorists to have a significant impact through the discovery of quantum algorithms.
The quest for quantum algorithms involves finding solutions that are provably correct, exhibit classical hardness, and have potential utility in real-world applications.
Quantum algorithms need to outperform classical algorithms significantly while remaining verifiable or repeatable for practical use.
Hamiltonian simulation is considered a key area where quantum computing can have substantial utility in solving complex scientific problems efficiently.
Challenges in quantum computing algorithms include specifying distributions over inputs, ensuring classical hardness, and demonstrating practical usefulness.
While quantum computing research faces difficulty, recent years have seen progress, indicating the potential for significant advancements in the field.
Embracing a mission-driven mindset and exploring new avenues for quantum advantage can lead to valuable progress in quantum algorithms.

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Medium

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The problem with logic and language

Math is a language developed to eliminate ambiguity and ensure consistent results.
Math tries to avoid statements having multiple interpretations.
The rigidity of math often leads people to dislike it due to its lack of flexibility.
Flexibility in a language brings more ambiguity, while rigidity ensures consistent meaning.

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Knowridge

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Scientists use lasers and atoms to win a mind-bending quantum game

Scientists at the University of Colorado Boulder and Quantinuum conducted an experiment on a real quantum computer to explore the potential of quantum computing.
The researchers used lasers to move and control 20 ytterbium ions to create a topological phase structure.
Using this setup, they played a mathematical game on the qubits, which showed that topologically entangled qubits allowed them to win the game about 95% of the time.
This experiment demonstrates the capabilities of current quantum computers and shows the potential for future advancements in quantum computing.

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Medium

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Survo Challenge: I Found a New Favorite Logic Puzzle

Survo is an intriguing logic puzzle that combines math and algorithmic thinking.
Introduced by Finnish professor Seppo Mustonen, Survo has a dedicated fanbase.
Similar to Sudoku and Kakuro, Survo requires filling in numbers to meet specific conditions.
It's a great daily exercise for those interested in math and logic puzzles.

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Physicsfromtheedge

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The End of the Dark Age of Physics?

Physics has been in a 'Dark Age' since the 1960s, as many concepts cannot be directly tested.
Quantized inertia (QI) re-grounds physics on testable principles and provides a new approach.
QI proposes that inertia and gravity are due to the push from gradients in Unruh radiation.
QI's grounding makes the theory directly testable and predicts specific phenomena, such as the galaxy rotation cut-off.

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Medium

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The MESSr0013 Summary Archive Standard: Future-Proofing Scientific Knowledge

The MESSr0013 Summary Archive Standard was developed to future-proof scientific knowledge in the field of Extended Plasma-Electromagnetic Cosmology (EPEMC).
It provides a storage method that aligns to empirical rigor, AI integration, and human clarity.
The focus is on making documents searchable, referenceable, and certifiable for decades to come.
By using the Summary Archive Standard, scientific knowledge can be preserved and accessible in a structured manner, avoiding unstructured sprawl.

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